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arXiv:1409.1616 · Physical Review A

Spectral correlation measurements at the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference dip

Thomas Gerrits, Francesco Marsili, Varun Boehm Verma, Lynden K. Shalm, Matthew D. Shaw, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam

Published Jan 22, 2015• 79 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present an efficient tool capable of measuring the spectral correlations between photons emerging from a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. We show that for our spectrally factorizable spontaneous down-conversion source, the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibility decreases as the photons' frequency spread is increased to a maximum of 165 nm. Unfiltered, we obtained a visibility of $92.0%\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2%.$ The maximum visibility was $97%\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2%$ after applying filtering. We show that the tool can be useful for the study of spectral correlations that impair high-visibility and high-fidelity multisource interference applications. The nature of this tool also allows for arbitrary post-selective spectral filtering and high-rate multiphoton spectral correlation measurements.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.91.013830

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We present an efficient tool capable of measuring the spectral correlations between photons emerging from a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. We show that for our spectrally factorizable spontaneous down-conversion source, the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibility decreases as the photons' frequency spread is increased to a maximum of 165 nm. Unfiltered, we obtained a visibility of 92.092.0%\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2%.92.0 The maximum visibility was 9797%\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2%97 after applying filtering. We show that the tool can be useful for the study of spectral correlations that impair high-visibility and high-fidelity multisource interference applications. The nature of this tool also allows for arbitrary post-selective spectral filtering and high-rate multiphoton spectral correlation measurements.
In this work we demonstrate spectral-temporal correlation measurements of the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference effect with the use of a spectrometer based on a photon-counting camera. This setup allows us to take, within seconds, spectral temporal correlation measurements on entangled photon sources with sub-nanometer spectral resolution and nanosecond timing resolution. Through post processing, we can observe the HOM behaviour for any number of spectral filters of any shape and width at any wavelength over the observable spectral range. Our setup also offers great versatility in that it is capable of operating at a wide spectral range from the visible to the near infrared and does not require a pulsed pump laser for timing purposes. This work offers the ability to gain large amounts of spectral and temporal information from a HOM interferometer quickly and efficiently and will be a very useful tool for many quantum technology applications and fundamental quantum optics research.
Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between independent photon sources (HOMI-IPS) plays an important role in quantum information processing. A variety of HOMI-IPS experiments have been demonstrated at near-infrared wavelengths or telecom wavelengths [1]. In all the previous HOMI-IPS experiments, the HOM dips are obtained by recording the four-fold coincidence counts as a function of the temporal delay. However, the spectral correlation during the interference is omitted, partially due to technical difficulties, e.g., the acquisition time is too long for measuring a joint spectral distribution. Spectral information, as the conjugate of the temporal information in the Fourier transformation, is definitely of great importance and should be investigated. Very recently, a new technique of spectral correlation measurement in a HOM interference has been developed by Gerrits, et al [2]. This technique has the merits of high speed and high resolution, therefore, has been used as a powerful tool to analyse the spectral correlation in a HOM interference between signal and idler photons from one spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) source. In this work, we measure the joint spectral distribution in HOMI-IPS using the new technique developed in [2]. The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1 (Left). The two independent sources are based on SPDC from two 30-mm-long periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) crystals pumped by picosecond laser pulses (76 MHz, 792 nm, temporal duration ~ 2 ps). In Fig. 1 (Left), the dispersion compensation fiber model (DCFMs), the superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) [3,4,5] and the time interval analyzer (TIA) constitute a fiber spectral analyzer [6]. Fig. 1(Right: (a)) is the measured four-fold HOM interference between signal1 and signal2, with idler1 and idler2 as heralders. Without subtraction of any background counts, the raw visibility of the HOM dip is 69.9±3.2%, which is consistent with our previous results in [1,7,8]. Fig. 1(Right: (b)-(g)) are the measured joint spectral intensities at different delay positions. The splitting phenomenon in the joint spectral distribution is clearly observed. The experimental results agree well with our theoretical simulations. This experiment not only can deepen our understanding of HOMI-IPS from the viewpoint of spectral domain, but also can be used to improve the visibility of HOMI-IPS by temporal filtering.
We characterize an entangled-photon-pair source that produces signal and idler photons at 1533 nm and 1567 nm using fiber-assisted signal-photon spectroscopy. By erasing the polarization distinguishability, we observe interference between the two down-conversion paths. The observed interference signature is closely related to the spectral correlations between photons in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. These measurements suggest good indistinguishability between the two down-conversion paths, which is required for high entanglement visibility.