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arXiv:1408.2155 · Physical Review E

Complete graph asymptotics for the Ising and random-cluster models on five-dimensional grids with a cyclic boundary

P. H. Lundow, Klas Markström

Published Feb 11, 2015• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The finite-size scaling behavior for the Ising model in five dimensions, with either free or cyclic boundary, has been the subject of a long-running debate. The older papers have been based on ideas from, e.g., field theory or renormalization. In this paper we propose a detailed and exact scaling picture for critical region of the model with cyclic boundary. Unlike the previous papers our approach is based on a comparison with the existing exact and rigorous results for the FK-random-cluster model on a complete graph. Based on those results we predict several distinct scaling regions in an L-dependent window around the critical point. We test these predictions by comparing with data from Monte Carlo simulations and find a good agreement. The main feature which differs between the complete graph and the five-dimensional model with free boundary is the existence of a bimodal energy distribution near the critical point in the latter. This feature was found by the same authors in an earlier paper in the form of a quasi-first-order phase transition for the same Ising model.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.91.022112

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The finite-size scaling behavior for the Ising model in five dimensions, with either free or cyclic boundary, has been the subject of a long-running debate. The older papers have been based on ideas from, e.g., field theory or renormalization. In this paper we propose a detailed and exact scaling picture for critical region of the model with cyclic boundary. Unlike the previous papers our approach is based on a comparison with the existing exact and rigorous results for the FK-random-cluster model on a complete graph. Based on those results we predict several distinct scaling regions in an L-dependent window around the critical point. We test these predictions by comparing with data from Monte Carlo simulations and find a good agreement. The main feature which differs between the complete graph and the five-dimensional model with free boundary is the existence of a bimodal energy distribution near the critical point in the latter. This feature was found by the same authors in an earlier paper in the form of a quasi-first-order phase transition for the same Ising model.
There has been a long running debate on the finite size scaling for the Ising model with free boundary conditions above the upper critical dimension, where the standard picture gives an L2 scaling for the susceptibility and an alternative theory has promoted an L5/2 scaling, as would be the case for cyclic boundary. In this paper we present results from simulation of the far largest systems used so far, up to side L=160 and find that this data clearly supports the standard scaling. Further we present a discussion of why rigorous results for the random-cluster model provide both supports for the standard scaling picture and a clear explanation of why the scalings for free and cyclic boundary should be different.
We present an extensive Markov chain Monte Carlo study of the finite-size scaling behavior of the Fortuin-Kasteleyn Ising model on five-dimensional hypercubic lattices with periodic boundary conditions. We observe that physical quantities, which include the contribution of the largest cluster, exhibit complete graph asymptotics. However, for quantities where the contribution of the largest cluster is removed, we observe that the scaling behavior is mainly controlled by the Gaussian fixed point. Our results therefore suggest that both scaling predictions, i.e., the complete graph and the Gaussian fixed point asymptotics, are needed to provide a complete description for the five-dimensional finite-size scaling behavior on the torus.
The five-dimensional Ising model with free boundary conditions has recently received a renewed interest in a debate concerning the finite-size scaling of the susceptibility near the critical temperature. We provide evidence in favour of the conventional scaling picture, where the susceptibility scales as L2 inside a critical scaling window of width 1/L2. Our results are based on Monte Carlo data gathered on system sizes up to L=79 (ca. three billion spins) for a wide range of temperatures near the critical point. We analyse the magnetisation distribution, the susceptibility and also the scaling and distribution of the size of the Fortuin–Kasteleyn cluster containing the origin. The probability of this cluster reaching the boundary determines the correlation length, and its behaviour agrees with the mean field critical exponent δ=3, that the scaling window has width 1/L2.
The Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) random-cluster model, which can be exactly mapped from the q-state Potts spin model, is a correlated bond percolation model. By extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we study the FK bond representation of the critical Ising model (q=2) on a finite complete graph, i.e., the mean-field Ising model. We provide strong numerical evidence that the configuration space for q=2 contains an asymptotically vanishing sector in which quantities exhibit the same finite-size scaling as in the critical uncorrelated bond percolation (q=1) on the complete graph. Moreover, we observe that, in the full configuration space, the power-law behavior of the cluster-size distribution for the FK Ising clusters except the largest one is governed by a Fisher exponent taking the value for q=1 instead of q=2. This demonstrates the percolation effects in the FK Ising model on the complete graph.
Abstract We discuss the finite-size scaling of the ferromagnetic Ising model on random regular graphs. These graphs are locally tree-like, and in the limit of large graphs, the Bethe approximation gives the exact free energy per site. In the thermodynamic limit, the Ising model on these graphs show a phase transition. This transition is rounded off for finite graphs. We verify the scaling theory prediction that this rounding off is described in terms of the scaling variable [ T / T c − 1] S 1/2 (where T and T c are the temperature and the critical temperature respectively, and S is the number of sites in the graph), and not in terms of a power of the diameter of the graph, which varies as log S . We determine the theoretical scaling functions for the specific heat capacity and the magnetic susceptibility of the absolute value of the magnetization in closed form and compare them to Monte Carlo simulations.
Universality is a fundamental concept in modern physics. For the q-state Potts model, the critical exponents are merely determined by the order-parameter symmetry S_{q}, spatial dimensionality and interaction range, independent of microscopic details. In a simplest and mean-field treatment, i.e., the Potts model on complete graph (CG), the phase transition is further established to be of percolation universality for the range of 0<q<2. By simulating the CG Potts model in the random-cluster representation, we numerically demonstrate such a hyperuniversality that the critical exponents are the same for 0<q<2 and, moreover, the Ising system (q=2) exhibits a variety of critical geometric properties in percolation universality. On the other hand, many other universal properties in the finite-size scaling (FSS) theory, including Binder-like ratios and distribution function of the order parameter, are observed to be q dependent. Meanwhile, we have made improvements to the Monte Carlo algorithms for efficiently simulating the CG Potts model. Our finding provides valuable insights for the study of critical phenomena in finite spatial dimensions, particularly when the FSS theory is utilized.