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arXiv:1407.4187 · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment

Finite-temperature behavior of an impurity in the spin-1/2 XXZ chain

Ryoko Yahagi, Jun Sato, Tetsuo Deguchi

Published Nov 18, 2014• 27 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study the zero- and the finite-temperature behavior of the integrable spin-1/2 XXZ periodic chain with an impurity by the algebraic and thermal Bethe ansatz methods. We evaluate the local magnetization on the impurity site at zero temperature analytically and derive the impurity susceptibility exactly from it. In the graphs of the impurity specific heat versus temperature, we show how the impurity spin becomes more liberated from the bulk many-body effect as the exchange coupling between the impurity spin and other spins decreases and that at low temperature it couples strongly to them such as in the Kondo effect. Thus, we observe not only the crossover behavior from the high- to the low-temperature regime, but another from the N -site chain to the ( N − 1)-site chain with a free impurity spin. We also show that the estimate of the Wilson ratio at a given low temperature is independent of the impurity parameter if its absolute value is small enough with respect to the temperature and the universality class is described by the XXZ anisotropy in terms of the dressed charge.

DOI
10.1088/1742-5468/2014/11/p11020

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We study the zero- and the finite-temperature behavior of the integrable spin-1/2 XXZ periodic chain with an impurity by the algebraic and thermal Bethe ansatz methods. We evaluate the local magnetization on the impurity site at zero temperature analytically and derive the impurity susceptibility exactly from it. In the graphs of the impurity specific heat versus temperature, we show how the impurity spin becomes more liberated from the bulk many-body effect as the exchange coupling between the impurity spin and other spins decreases and that at low temperature it couples strongly to them such as in the Kondo effect. Thus, we observe not only the crossover behavior from the high- to the low-temperature regime, but another from the N -site chain to the ( N − 1)-site chain with a free impurity spin. We also show that the estimate of the Wilson ratio at a given low temperature is independent of the impurity parameter if its absolute value is small enough with respect to the temperature and the universality class is described by the XXZ anisotropy in terms of the dressed charge.
We study exactly the effect of an impurity in the interacting quantum spin chain at low temperature by solving the integrable spin-1/2 XXZ periodic chain with an impurity through the algebraic and thermal Bethe ansatz methods. In particular, we investigate how the crossover temperature for the impurity specific heat depends on the impurity parameter, i.e. the coupling of the impurity to other spins, and show that it is consistent with the analytic expression that is obtained by setting the impurity susceptibility to be proportional to the inverse of the crossover temperature. In the model, two types of crossover behavior appear: one from the high-temperature regime to the low-temperature Kondo regime and another from the N -site homogeneous chain to the ( N − 1)-site chain with a decoupled free impurity spin, with respect to the temperature and the impurity parameter, respectively.
The thermodynamics of finite open antiferromagnetic XXZ chains is studied using field theory, Bethe ansatz and quantum Monte Carlo methods. For the susceptibility a parameter-free result as a function of the number of sites L and temperature T beyond the scaling limit is derived. The limiting cases ( J being the exchange constant), where the boundary correction shows a logarithmically suppressed Curie behaviour, and , where a crossover to the ground state behaviour takes place, are discussed in detail. On the basis of this analysis we present a simple formula for the averaged susceptibility of a spin-1/2 chain doped with non-magnetic impurities. We show that the effective Curie constant has a highly non-trivial temperature dependence and shows scaling in the low temperature limit. Finally, corrections due to intrachain and interchain couplings and implications for experiments on Sr 2 Cu 1− x Pd x O 3+δ and related compounds are discussed.
In this paper, the Kondo magnetic effect is studied for the XXZ\mathrm{XXZ}XXZ spin chain where the impurities are coupled to the edges of the system. The Hamiltonian of our model can be constructed from the transfer matrix. It is exactly solvable and the exchange constants between the bulk and the boundary impurities are arbitrary. The finite-size corrections to the ground-state energy are obtained for the magnetic impurities and the boundary condition. The specific heat and the susceptibility contributed by the impurities are derived and the Kondo temperature is given explicitly by the use of the Luttinger-Fermi liquid picture and the Bethe ansatz method.
We study the effect of anisotropy of spin-SSS impurities on an antiferromagnetic SU(2) Heisenberg chain. The magnetic impurities are assumed to have an XXZ-type anisotropic exchange with their neighboring sites. First, using density-matrix renormalization group technique, we examine spin-spin correlation function, instability of N\'eel order, and local spin susceptibility in the presence of a single spin-SSS impurity. Based on the results, we find that the types of spin-SSS impurities are classified into two groups: (i) nonmagnetic and S=1S=1S=1 impurities enhance only short-range antiferromagnetic correlation and (ii) S=12S=\frac{1}{2}S=21​ and S>1S>1S>1 impurities can, in contrast, stabilize a long-range N\'eel order in the disordered SU(2) Heisenberg chain. Then, we focus on the case of S=12S=\frac{1}{2}S=21​ impurity as a representative of (ii) and investigate the evolution of some experimentally observable quantities such as magnetization, specific heat, and magnetic susceptibility, as a function of concentration and XXZ anisotropy strength of the impurity. We confirm that the N\'eel order is induced in the bulk spin chain in the presence of finite amount of easy-axis XXZ S=12S=\frac{1}{2}S=21​ impurities. Furthermore, we recover some of the aforementioned features using cluster mean-field theory, which allows us to present results on experimentally accessible quantities at finite temperatures. Interestingly, in the presence of uniform magnetic field, the total magnetization exhibits a pseudogap behavior for low values of applied field. We also discuss the dependence of NMR spectrum on various XXZ impurities and identify that the spin state of Co impurity in SrCu0.99Co0.01O2{\mathrm{SrCu}}_{0.99}{\mathrm{Co}}_{0.01}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}SrCu0.99​Co0.01​O2​ is S=32S=\frac{3}{2}S=23​.
We propose an integrable model of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain coupled to two impurity moments. With the open boundary conditions at the impurity sites, the model can be exactly solved for arbitrary impurity spin and arbitrary exchange constants between the bulk and the impurities. The absence of redundant terms in the Hamiltonian makes the model very reasonable. The Hamiltonian is diagonalized via algebraic Bethe ansatz. It is found that the impurity spins can only be screened (partially for S>1/2S>1/2S>1/2) for antiferromagnetic coupling between the impurity and the bulk. Otherwise the impurity spins cannot be screened. The residual entropy of the ground state and the Kondo temperature are also derived explicitly based on the Bethe ansatz and the local Fermi-liquid theory.