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arXiv:1407.3825

Photonic Framework to Handle Physical and Chemical Processes: Quantum Entanglement, Coherence, De-coherence, Re-coherence and the Roles of Multipartite Base States

O. Tapia

Published Jul 14, 2014• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A quantum framework, according quantum theories of electromagnetic (EM)radiation to matter response, leads to a handy scheme addressed to examine both physical and chemical processes. Fundamental quantum effects such asentanglement, coherence, de-coherence and re-coherence yield a fully quantum physical presentation applicable to chemical processes. A photonic basis-set obtains including all possibilities accessible to a system in abstract space; electronuclear (EN) base states put in resonance by photon fields are the ground where quantum states, q-states, would show time evolution. At laboratory space where energy and angular momentum conservation hold quantum dynamics (i.e. amplitude changes) is to be driven by low frequency EM radiation, e.g. microwaves. Materiality sustaining q-states unchanged.Here, focus on construction and reading of photonic quantum states that underlie a host of physical processes recently submitted to experimental examination. The approach moves away interpretational issues using classical physics language to focus on apprehending quantum states including experimental information.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1407.3825

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A quantum framework, according quantum theories of electromagnetic (EM)radiation to matter response, leads to a handy scheme addressed to examine both physical and chemical processes. Fundamental quantum effects such asentanglement, coherence, de-coherence and re-coherence yield a fully quantum physical presentation applicable to chemical processes. A photonic basis-set obtains including all possibilities accessible to a system in abstract space; electronuclear (EN) base states put in resonance by photon fields are the ground where quantum states, q-states, would show time evolution. At laboratory space where energy and angular momentum conservation hold quantum dynamics (i.e. amplitude changes) is to be driven by low frequency EM radiation, e.g. microwaves. Materiality sustaining q-states unchanged.Here, focus on construction and reading of photonic quantum states that underlie a host of physical processes recently submitted to experimental examination. The approach moves away interpretational issues using classical physics language to focus on apprehending quantum states including experimental information.
The photonic framework offers clues leading to a possible update of the foundations of quantum mechanics yet preserving its mathematical grounds. Reconsideration of quantum theoretic measurement theory warrants removal of ideological prejudices brought in by von Neumann Copenhagen interpretation. Conditions required to bridge abstract to laboratory space formulations of QM permit underscoring fundamental differences to the standard view; entanglement and sustainment concepts help in this task. Entanglement events integrate probing devices leading to q-measurements seen as physical processes. Representation elements based on classical physics pictures are removed. A non-representational framework stands up as a result.
Recent advances in quantum technology – from quantum computers and simulators to communication and metrology – have not only opened up a whole new world of applications but also changed the understanding of quantum theory itself. This text introduces quantum theory entirely from this new perspective. It does away with the traditional approach to quantum theory as a theory of microscopic matter, and focuses instead on quantum theory as a framework for information processing. Accordingly, the emphasis is on concepts like measurement, probability, statistical correlations, and transformations, rather than waves and particles. The text begins with experimental evidence that forces one to abandon the classical description and to re-examine such basic notions as measurement, probability, and state. Thorough investigation of these concepts leads to the alternative framework of quantum theory. The requisite mathematics is developed and linked to its operational meaning. This part of the text culminates in an exploration of some of the most vexing issues of quantum theory, regarding locality, non-contextuality, and realism. The second half of the text explains how the peculiar features of quantum theory are harnessed to tackle information processing tasks that are intractable or even impossible classically. It provides the tools for understanding and designing the pertinent protocols, and discusses a range of examples representative of current quantum technology.
The past two decades have witnessed tremendous advances and breakthroughs in quantum information science and technology, due mainly to the use of quantum physical resources such as coherence and entanglement. The formalization of the concept of universal quantum computing by D. Deutsch in 1985 has matured into commercial initiatives that aim to accelerate the physical implementation of a practical quantum computer. So far, such quantum technology has been pushed forward as information processors that are mainly on superconducting quantum bits (qubits) based. Other developments make use of quantum states of photons in conjunctions with other quantum registers based on electrons, atoms, molecules, artificial systems, between others. Although in any case, multiple qubit technologies are still under intense research and developments and the temperature and size of the quantum register are essential issues. However, all possible physical implementation of quantum information processing devices have in common the fundamental properties of quantum systems: interference, coherence, and entanglement. In this thesis, we concerned the study of quantum coherence and entanglement in qubits (encoded on the polarisation basis) and quantum materials (operating at room temperature) to analyze the role of quantum correlations and decoherence for information processing purposes. The current research is divided into two main parts, the first one begins with the analysis of the influence of a birefringent medium over the entanglement of a photonic qubit state. We employ a polarisation maintaining fiber (PMF) as a decohering environment to test the theoretical model in which the symmetry of the coupling between the qubit and environment defines the death and revival of the information correlations. This finding establishes a tool to keep the entanglement independent of the fiber length employing the symmetry properties of the physical system. Additionally, to demonstrate that the entanglement is not the only crucial factor in information schemes, we employ the prisoner’s dilemma game (in a two parameters strategy space and extended up to three) to evidence that quantum advantages in this protocol are by the quantum superposition instead of the entanglement of the physical system. Here we also pose an experimental setup with photons to verify our findings with photonic qubits. The second part of the thesis examines a novel nanomaterial which could serve up a bridge to the interaction of photons and electrons toward a physical representation of photonic qubits conditioned by external registers (as electrons or ions). The first stage in this direction considers the implementation of single photon emitters. However, previous to it is necessary to recognize the photophysical capabilities of the Perovskites as structure selected. As a complement, the novelty of this nanostructure allow us to give answers to some open questions in this characterization direction in the frame of this research. The MA-halide (methylammonium-halide) perovskites are structurally composed by small domains which ranging from nano to micrometer sizes presenting strong photoluminescence intermittency (blinking). We attribute this response to the Auger- nonradiative recombination of additional electrons photogenerated in a trap-filling process due to defects or ion movement. We verified this through the application of an absorbing layer (quencher) of charges of PCBM (Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) resulting in considerably decreases in blinking. We also provide a novel technique for real-time observation of the ion movement effect over this material. Additionally, this behavior indicates appropriate conditions for the existence of a few emitters which are useful in quantum protocols and become a motivation to analyze and explain this phenomenon. Then, we prepare two chemical compositions of inorganic Perovskites with a high structural order to explore the necessary conditions to produce single emitter with this material. We visualized the samples through electron microscopy, and both systems were spectrally characterized decreasing dilutions up to observe emission intermittency. We verified the nonclassical behavior of the emission employing a Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometer by measuring the degree of the second-order coherence correlation function. Finally, but not less important, the additional information presents the laboratories implemented during this doctoral research and the prototype of signals counting device to analyze temporal coincidences in correlated photonic events.
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A quantum Matter-Photonics framework is adapted to help scrutinize chemical reaction mechanisms and used to explore a process mapped from chemical tree topological model. The chemical concept of bond knitting/breaking is reformulated via partitioned base sets leading to an abstract and general quantum presentation. Pivotal roles are assigned to entanglement, coherence,de-coherence and Feshbach resonance quantum states that permit apprehend gating states in conversion processes. A view from above in the state energy eigenvalue ladder, belonging to full system spectra complement the standard view from ground state. A full quantum physical view supporting chemical change obtains.