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arXiv:1407.2639 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Critical points of the linear entropy for pureL-qubit states

Tomasz Maciążek, Adam Sawicki

Published Jan 5, 2015• 10 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present a substantially improved version of the method proposed by Sawicki et al (2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 040304(R) , 2014 Rev. Math. Phys. 26 1450004 ) for finding critical points of the linear entropy for an L -qubit system. The new approach is based on the correspondence between the momentum maps for abelian and non-abelian groups, as described in Kirwan (1984 Cohomology of Quotients in Symplectic and Algebraic Geometry ( Mathematical Notes vol 31) (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press)). The proposed method can be implemented numerically and is much easier than the previous method.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8113/48/4/045305

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Four-qubit critical states

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Abstract Verstraete et al (2003 Phys. Rev. A 68 012103) showed that SLOCC invariants provide entanglement monotones. We observe that many highly entangled or useful four-qubit states that appear in prior literature are stationary points of such entanglement measures. This motivates the search for more stationary points. We use the notion of critical points (in the sense of the Kempf-Ness theorem) together with Vinberg theory to reduce the complexity of the problem significantly. We solve the corresponding systems utilizing modern numerical nonlinear algebra methods and reduce the solutions by natural symmetries. This method produces an extended list of four-qubit stationary points, which includes all the critical states in the survey by Enríquez et al (2016 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 698 012003). To illustrate the potential for application, we discuss the use of these states to generate pure five-qubit and six-qubit quantum error correcting codes by reversing a construction of Rains (1996 IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 44 1388–94).

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Wehrl entropy and entanglement complexity of quantum spin systems

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Abstract The Wehrl entropy of a quantum state is the Shannon entropy of its coherent-state distribution function, and remains non-zero even for pure states. We investigate the relationship between this entropy and the many-particle quantum entanglement, for N spin-1/2 particles. Explicitly, we numerically calculate the Wehrl entropy of various N-particle ( 2 ⩽ N ⩽ 20 ) entangled pure states, with respect to the SU(2) ⊗ N coherent states. Our results show that for the large-N ( N ≳ 10 ) systems the Wehrl entropy of the highly chaotic entangled states (e.g. 2 − N / 2 ∑ s 1 , s 2 , … , s N =↑ , ↓ | s 1 , s 2 , … , s N ⟩ e − i ϕ s 1 , s 2 , … , s N , with ϕ s 1 , s 2 , … , s N being random angles) are substantially larger than that of the very regular entangled states (e.g. the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state). Therefore, the Wehrl entropy can reflect the complexity of the quantum entanglement of many-body pure states, as proposed by Sugita (2003 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 36 9081). In particular, the Wehrl entropy per particle (WEPP) can be used as a quantitative description of this entanglement complexity. Unlike other quantities used to evaluate this complexity (e.g. the degree of entanglement between a subsystem and the other particles), the WEPP does not necessitate the division of the total system into two subsystems. We further demonstrate that many-body pure entangled states can be classified into three types, based on the behavior of the WEPP in the limit N → ∞ : states approaching that of a maximally mixed state

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Infinitely Divisible Measurements in Quantum Probability Theory

Александр Семенович Холево

Previous article Next article Infinitely Divisible Measurements in Quantum Probability TheoryA. S. KholevoA. S. Kholevohttps://doi.org/10.1137/1131063PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAbout[1] S. Sakai, $C\sp*$-algebras and $W\sp*$-algebras, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1971xii+253 56:1082 0219.46042 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[2] E. B. Davies, Quantum theory of open systems, Academic Press [Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers], London, 1976x+171 58:8853 0388.46044 Google Scholar[3] V. V. Sazonov and , V. N. Tutubalin, Probability distributions on topological groups, Theory Probab. Appl., 11 (1966), 1–45 10.1137/1111001 0171.38701 LinkGoogle Scholar[4] A. Barchielli, , L. Lanz and , G. M. Prosperi, Statistics of continuous trajectories in quantum mechanics: operation-valued stochastic processes, Found. Phys., 13 (1983), 779–812 87b:81006 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[5] A. Barchielli and , G. Lupieri, Dilations of operation valued stochastic processesQuantum probability and applications, II (Heidelberg, 1984), Lecture Notes in Math., Vol. 1136, Springer, Berlin, 1985, 57–66 87g:46101 0572.60046 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[6] E. Schmidt, On multiplicative Lebesgue integration and families of evolution operators, Math. Scand., 29 (1971), 113–133 50:4885 0232.47024 Google Scholar[7] G. Lindblad, On the generators of quantum dynamical semigroups, Comm. Math. Phys., 48 (1976), 119–130 54:1990 0343.47031 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[8] D. E. Evans and , J. T. Lewis, Dilations of irreversible evolutions in algebraic quantum theory, Comm. Dublin Inst. Adv. Studies Ser. A, (1977), v+104 58:8915 0365.46059 Google Scholar Previous article Next article FiguresRelatedReferencesCited byDetails Matrix product states and projected entangled pair states: Concepts, symmetries, theorems17 December 2021 | Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 93, No. 4 Cross Ref Generalized ansatz for continuous matrix product states7 May 2020 | Physical Review A, Vol. 101, No. 5 Cross Ref Continuum limits of matrix product states19 November 2018 | Physical Review B, Vol. 98, No. 17 Cross Ref Measurement Uncertainty Relations for Position and Momentum: Relative Entropy Formulation24 June 2017 | Entropy, Vol. 19, No. 7 Cross Ref Lie-semigroup structures for reachability and control of open quantum systems: kossakowski-lindblad generators form lie wedge to markovian channelsReports on Mathematical Physics, Vol. 64, No. 1-2 Cross Ref Lévy Processes and Continuous Quantum Measurements Cross Ref A composite Fourier‐wavelet transform and square‐integrable group representationsJournal of Mathematical Physics, Vol. 35, No. 8 Cross Ref Convolution Semigroups in Noncommutative Probability TheoryL. V. Denisov17 July 2006 | Theory of Probability & Its Applications, Vol. 36, No. 3AbstractPDF (636 KB)Infinitely Divisible Markov Mappings in Quantum Probability TheoryL. V. Denisov17 July 2006 | Theory of Probability & Its Applications, Vol. 33, No. 2AbstractPDF (521 KB) Volume 31, Issue 3| 1987Theory of Probability & Its Applications History Submitted:29 January 1986Published online:28 July 2006 InformationCopyright © 1987 © Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsPDF Download Article & Publication DataArticle DOI:10.1137/1131063Article page range:pp. 493-497ISSN (print):0040-585XISSN (online):1095-7219Publisher:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics

Theory of Probability and Its Applications•Sep 1, 1987•20 citations

Measurement and Filtering of Quantum Diffusion II

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Next article Measurement and Filtering of Quantum Diffusion IIV. P. BelavkinV. P. Belavkinhttps://doi.org/10.1137/1139026PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAbout[1] A. N. Kolmogorov, Foundations of the Theory of Probability, Chelsea Publishing Company, New York, 1984 Google Scholar[2] John von Neumann, Mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1955xii+445, N.Y. 16,654a Google Scholar[3] A. S. Holevo, Probability and Stochastic Aspects of Quantum Theory, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1955 Google Scholar[4] B. Misra and , E. C. G. Sudarshan, The Zeno's paradox in quantum theory, J. Mathematical Phys., 18 (1977), 756–763 10.1063/1.523304 55:5076 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[5] V. P. Belavkin, A stochastic calculus of quantum input-output processes and quantum nondemolition filteringCurrent problems in mathematics. Newest results, Vol. 36 (Russian), Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki, Akad. 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Difficulties in analytic computation for relative entropy of entanglement

Hung-Soo Kim, Mi-Ra Hwang, Eylee Jung +1 more

It is known that relative entropy of entanglement for an entangled state $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is defined via its closest separable (or positive partial transpose) state $\ensuremath{\sigma}$. Recently, it has been shown how to find $\ensuremath{\rho}$ provided that $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ is given in a two-qubit system. In this article we study the reverse process, that is, how to find $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ provided that $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is given. It is shown that if $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is of a Bell-diagonal, generalized Vedral-Plenio, or generalized Horodecki state, one can find $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ from a geometrical point of view. This is possible due to the following two facts: (i) the Bloch vectors of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ are identical to each other; (ii) the correlation vector of $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ can be computed from a crossing point between a minimal geometrical object, in which all separable states reside in the presence of Bloch vectors, and a straight line, which connects the point corresponding to the correlation vector of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and the nearest vertex of the maximal tetrahedron, where all two-qubit states reside. It is shown, however, that these properties are not maintained for the arbitrary two-qubit states.

arXiv:1002.4695•Physical Review A•May 19, 2010•29 citations

Relative entropy of entanglement of two-qubit ‘X’ states

黄接辉, 刘念华, 刘江涛 +2 more

Two closest single-qubit states could be diagonalised by the same unitary matrix, which helps to find the relative entropy of entanglement of a two-qubit 'X' state. We formulate two binary equations for the relative entropy of entanglement and the corresponding closest separable state of a given two-qubit 'X' state. This approach can be applied to get the relative entropy of entanglement of many widely-discussed two-qubit states, such as pure states, Werner states, and so on.

Chinese Physics B•Nov 1, 2010•6 citations
We present a substantially improved version of the method proposed by Sawicki et al (2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 040304(R) , 2014 Rev. Math. Phys. 26 1450004 ) for finding critical points of the linear entropy for an L -qubit system. The new approach is based on the correspondence between the momentum maps for abelian and non-abelian groups, as described in Kirwan (1984 Cohomology of Quotients in Symplectic and Algebraic Geometry ( Mathematical Notes vol 31) (Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press)). The proposed method can be implemented numerically and is much easier than the previous method.
Abstract Verstraete et al (2003 Phys. Rev. A 68 012103) showed that SLOCC invariants provide entanglement monotones. We observe that many highly entangled or useful four-qubit states that appear in prior literature are stationary points of such entanglement measures. This motivates the search for more stationary points. We use the notion of critical points (in the sense of the Kempf-Ness theorem) together with Vinberg theory to reduce the complexity of the problem significantly. We solve the corresponding systems utilizing modern numerical nonlinear algebra methods and reduce the solutions by natural symmetries. This method produces an extended list of four-qubit stationary points, which includes all the critical states in the survey by Enríquez et al (2016 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 698 012003). To illustrate the potential for application, we discuss the use of these states to generate pure five-qubit and six-qubit quantum error correcting codes by reversing a construction of Rains (1996 IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 44 1388–94).
Abstract The Wehrl entropy of a quantum state is the Shannon entropy of its coherent-state distribution function, and remains non-zero even for pure states. We investigate the relationship between this entropy and the many-particle quantum entanglement, for N spin-1/2 particles. Explicitly, we numerically calculate the Wehrl entropy of various N-particle ( 2 ⩽ N ⩽ 20 ) entangled pure states, with respect to the SU(2) ⊗ N coherent states. Our results show that for the large-N ( N ≳ 10 ) systems the Wehrl entropy of the highly chaotic entangled states (e.g. 2 − N / 2 ∑ s 1 , s 2 , … , s N =↑ , ↓ | s 1 , s 2 , … , s N ⟩ e − i ϕ s 1 , s 2 , … , s N , with ϕ s 1 , s 2 , … , s N being random angles) are substantially larger than that of the very regular entangled states (e.g. the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state). Therefore, the Wehrl entropy can reflect the complexity of the quantum entanglement of many-body pure states, as proposed by Sugita (2003 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 36 9081). In particular, the Wehrl entropy per particle (WEPP) can be used as a quantitative description of this entanglement complexity. Unlike other quantities used to evaluate this complexity (e.g. the degree of entanglement between a subsystem and the other particles), the WEPP does not necessitate the division of the total system into two subsystems. We further demonstrate that many-body pure entangled states can be classified into three types, based on the behavior of the WEPP in the limit N → ∞ : states approaching that of a maximally mixed state
Previous article Next article Infinitely Divisible Measurements in Quantum Probability TheoryA. S. KholevoA. S. Kholevohttps://doi.org/10.1137/1131063PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAbout[1] S. Sakai, $C\sp*$-algebras and $W\sp*$-algebras, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1971xii+253 56:1082 0219.46042 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[2] E. B. Davies, Quantum theory of open systems, Academic Press [Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers], London, 1976x+171 58:8853 0388.46044 Google Scholar[3] V. V. Sazonov and , V. N. Tutubalin, Probability distributions on topological groups, Theory Probab. Appl., 11 (1966), 1–45 10.1137/1111001 0171.38701 LinkGoogle Scholar[4] A. Barchielli, , L. Lanz and , G. M. Prosperi, Statistics of continuous trajectories in quantum mechanics: operation-valued stochastic processes, Found. Phys., 13 (1983), 779–812 87b:81006 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[5] A. Barchielli and , G. Lupieri, Dilations of operation valued stochastic processesQuantum probability and applications, II (Heidelberg, 1984), Lecture Notes in Math., Vol. 1136, Springer, Berlin, 1985, 57–66 87g:46101 0572.60046 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[6] E. Schmidt, On multiplicative Lebesgue integration and families of evolution operators, Math. Scand., 29 (1971), 113–133 50:4885 0232.47024 Google Scholar[7] G. Lindblad, On the generators of quantum dynamical semigroups, Comm. Math. Phys., 48 (1976), 119–130 54:1990 0343.47031 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[8] D. E. Evans and , J. T. Lewis, Dilations of irreversible evolutions in algebraic quantum theory, Comm. Dublin Inst. Adv. Studies Ser. A, (1977), v+104 58:8915 0365.46059 Google Scholar Previous article Next article FiguresRelatedReferencesCited byDetails Matrix product states and projected entangled pair states: Concepts, symmetries, theorems17 December 2021 | Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 93, No. 4 Cross Ref Generalized ansatz for continuous matrix product states7 May 2020 | Physical Review A, Vol. 101, No. 5 Cross Ref Continuum limits of matrix product states19 November 2018 | Physical Review B, Vol. 98, No. 17 Cross Ref Measurement Uncertainty Relations for Position and Momentum: Relative Entropy Formulation24 June 2017 | Entropy, Vol. 19, No. 7 Cross Ref Lie-semigroup structures for reachability and control of open quantum systems: kossakowski-lindblad generators form lie wedge to markovian channelsReports on Mathematical Physics, Vol. 64, No. 1-2 Cross Ref Lévy Processes and Continuous Quantum Measurements Cross Ref A composite Fourier‐wavelet transform and square‐integrable group representationsJournal of Mathematical Physics, Vol. 35, No. 8 Cross Ref Convolution Semigroups in Noncommutative Probability TheoryL. V. Denisov17 July 2006 | Theory of Probability & Its Applications, Vol. 36, No. 3AbstractPDF (636 KB)Infinitely Divisible Markov Mappings in Quantum Probability TheoryL. V. Denisov17 July 2006 | Theory of Probability & Its Applications, Vol. 33, No. 2AbstractPDF (521 KB) Volume 31, Issue 3| 1987Theory of Probability & Its Applications History Submitted:29 January 1986Published online:28 July 2006 InformationCopyright © 1987 © Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsPDF Download Article & Publication DataArticle DOI:10.1137/1131063Article page range:pp. 493-497ISSN (print):0040-585XISSN (online):1095-7219Publisher:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Next article Measurement and Filtering of Quantum Diffusion IIV. P. BelavkinV. P. Belavkinhttps://doi.org/10.1137/1139026PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAbout[1] A. N. Kolmogorov, Foundations of the Theory of Probability, Chelsea Publishing Company, New York, 1984 Google Scholar[2] John von Neumann, Mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1955xii+445, N.Y. 16,654a Google Scholar[3] A. S. Holevo, Probability and Stochastic Aspects of Quantum Theory, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1955 Google Scholar[4] B. Misra and , E. C. G. Sudarshan, The Zeno's paradox in quantum theory, J. Mathematical Phys., 18 (1977), 756–763 10.1063/1.523304 55:5076 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[5] V. P. Belavkin, A stochastic calculus of quantum input-output processes and quantum nondemolition filteringCurrent problems in mathematics. Newest results, Vol. 36 (Russian), Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki, Akad. Nauk SSSR Vsesoyuz. Inst. Nauchn. i Tekhn. Inform., Moscow, 1989, 29–67, 187 91f:81074 Google Scholar[6] Viacheslav P. Belavkin, Nondemolition measurements, nonlinear filtering and dynamic programming of quantum stochastic processesModeling and control of systems in engineering, quantum mechanics, economics and biosciences (Sophia-Antipolis, 1988), Lecture Notes in Control and Inform. Sci., Vol. 121, Springer, Berlin, 1989, 245–265 1 231 124 0683.93084 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[7] V. P. Belavkin, Optimal quantum filtering of Markov signals, Problemy upravleniya i teoriya inform., 7 (1978), 345–360, (In Russian.) 0397.94001 Google Scholar[8] V. P. Belavkin, A. Blaquiere, Nondemolition measurement and control in quantum dynamical systemsInformation complexity and control in quantum physics (Udine, 1985), CISM Courses and Lectures, Vol. 294, Springer, Vienna, 1987, 311–329 913 955 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[9] V. P. Belavkin, B. Grigelionis, Stochastic posterior equations for quantum nonlinear filteringProbability theory and mathematical statistics, Vol. I (Vilnius, 1989), “Mokslas”, Vilnius, 1990, 91–109, Proceedings of the Fifth Vilnius Conference 93b:81126 0914.60082 Google Scholar[10] V. P. Belavkin, A quantum nonadapted stochastic calculus and nonstationary evolution in Fock scaleQuantum probability & related topics, QP-PQ, VI, World Sci. Publishing, River Edge, NJ, 1991, 137–179 92m:81119 0937.60045 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[11] Viacheslav P. Belavkin, Quantum stochastic calculus and quantum nonlinear filtering, J. Multivariate Anal., 42 (1992), 171–201 10.1016/0047-259X(92)90042-E 93m:81013 0762.60059 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[12] R. L. Hudson and , K. R. Parthasarathy, Quantum Ito's formula and stochastic evolutions, Comm. Math. Phys., 93 (1984), 301–323 86e:46057 0546.60058 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[13] A. S. Holevo, Quantum stochastic calculus, Itogi nauki tekhniki. Modern problems of mathematics series. Newest achievements, 36 (1989), 3–28 Google Scholar[14] V. P. Belavkin, Quantum continual measurements and a posteriori collapse on CCR, Comm. Math. Phys., 146 (1992), 611–635 93j:81006 0757.60057 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[15] V. P. Belavkin, A posterior Schrödinger equation for continuous nondemolition measurement, J. Math. Phys., 31 (1990), 2930–2934 10.1063/1.528946 91m:81020 0718.47035 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[16] V. P. Belavkin and , P. Staszewski, Nondemolition observation of a free quantum particle, Phys. Rev., Ser. A, 45 (1992), 1347–1356 10.1103/PhysRevA.45.1347 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[17] M. P. Evans and , R. L. Hudson, Multidimensional quantum diffusionsQuantum probability and applications, III (Oberwolfach, 1987), Lecture Notes in Math., Vol. 1303, Springer, Berlin, 1988, 69–88 91a:46065 0648.46056 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[18] R. S. Liptser and , A. N. Shiryayev, Statistics of random processes. I, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1977x+394, Berlin 57:14125 R. S. Liptser and , A. N. Shiryayev, Statistics of random processes. II, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1978x+339, Berlin 58:7827 CrossrefGoogle Scholar[19] R. L. Stratonovitch, Conditional Markov Processes and their Application to Optimal Control Theory, Moscow State University, Moscow, 1966 Google Scholar[20] V. P. Belavkin, Chaotic states and stochastic integration in quantum systems, Russian Math. Surveys, 47 (1992), 47–106, (In Russian.) CrossrefGoogle Scholar Next article FiguresRelatedReferencesCited ByDetails Open-system many-body dynamics through interferometric measurements and feedbackPhysical Review A, Vol. 94, No. 5 | 17 November 2016 Cross Ref Continuous Quantum Hypothesis TestingPhysical Review Letters, Vol. 108, No. 17 | 1 April 2012 Cross Ref Volume 39, Issue 3| 1995Theory of Probability & Its Applications History Submitted:08 October 1991Published online:17 July 2006 InformationCopyright © Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsPDF Download Article & Publication DataArticle DOI:10.1137/1139026Article page range:pp. 363-378ISSN (print):0040-585XISSN (online):1095-7219Publisher:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
It is known that relative entropy of entanglement for an entangled state $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is defined via its closest separable (or positive partial transpose) state $\ensuremath{\sigma}$. Recently, it has been shown how to find $\ensuremath{\rho}$ provided that $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ is given in a two-qubit system. In this article we study the reverse process, that is, how to find $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ provided that $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is given. It is shown that if $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is of a Bell-diagonal, generalized Vedral-Plenio, or generalized Horodecki state, one can find $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ from a geometrical point of view. This is possible due to the following two facts: (i) the Bloch vectors of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ are identical to each other; (ii) the correlation vector of $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ can be computed from a crossing point between a minimal geometrical object, in which all separable states reside in the presence of Bloch vectors, and a straight line, which connects the point corresponding to the correlation vector of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and the nearest vertex of the maximal tetrahedron, where all two-qubit states reside. It is shown, however, that these properties are not maintained for the arbitrary two-qubit states.