Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1407.1555 · Physical Review B

Noise-compensating pulses for electrostatically controlled silicon spin qubits

Xin Wang, F. A. Calderon-Vargas, Muhed S. Rana, J. P. Kestner, Edwin Barnes, S. Das Sarma

Published Oct 14, 2014• 23 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study the performance of supcode---a family of dynamically correcting pulses designed to cancel simultaneously both Overhauser and charge noise for singlet-triplet spin qubits---adapted to silicon devices with electrostatic control. We consider both natural Si and isotope-enriched Si systems, and in each case we investigate the behavior of individual gates under static noise and perform randomized benchmarking to obtain the average gate error under realistic $1/f$ noise. We find that in most cases supcode pulses offer roughly an order of magnitude reduction in gate error, and especially in the case of isotope-enriched Si, supcode yields gate operations of very high fidelity. We also develop a version of supcode that cancels the charge noise only, ``$\ensuremath{\delta}J$-supcode,'' which is particularly beneficial for isotope-enriched Si devices where charge noise dominates Overhauser noise, offering a level of error reduction comparable to the original supcode while yielding gate times that are $30%--50%$ shorter. Our results show that the supcode noise-compensating pulses provide a fast, simple, and effective approach to error suppression, bringing gate errors well below the quantum error correction threshold in principle.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.90.155306

Related papers

Noise filtering of composite pulses for singlet-triplet qubits

Xu-Chen Yang, Xin Wang

Semiconductor quantum dot spin qubits are promising candidates for quantum computing. In these systems, the dynamically corrected gates offer considerable reduction of gate errors and are therefore of great interest both theoretically and experimentally. They are, however, designed under the static-noise model and may be considered as low-frequency filters. In this work, we perform a comprehensive theoretical study of the response of a type of dynamically corrected gates, namely the supcode for singlet-triplet qubits, to realistic 1/f noises with frequency spectra 1/ω(α). Through randomized benchmarking, we have found that supcode offers improvement of the gate fidelity for α 1 and the improvement becomes exponentially more pronounced with the increase of the noise exponent in the range 1 α ≤ 3 studied. On the other hand, for small α, supcode will not offer any improvement. The δJ-supcode, specifically designed for systems where the nuclear noise is absent, is found to offer additional error reduction than the full supcode for charge noises. The computed filter transfer functions of the supcode gates are also presented.

arXiv:1602.05679•Scientific Reports•Jul 7, 2016•23 citations

Robust quantum gates for singlet-triplet spin qubits using composite pulses

Xin Wang, Lev S. Bishop, Edwin Barnes +2 more

We present a comprehensive theoretical treatment of supcode, a method for generating dynamically corrected quantum gate operations, which are immune to random noise in the environment, by using carefully designed sequences of soft pulses. supcode enables dynamical error suppression even when the control field is constrained to be positive and uniaxial, making it particularly suited to counteracting the effects of noise in systems subject to these constraints such as singlet-triplet qubits. We describe and explain in detail how to generate supcode pulse sequences for arbitrary single-qubit gates and provide several explicit examples of sequences that implement commonly used gates, including the single-qubit Clifford gates. We develop sequences for noise-resistant two-qubit gates for two exchange-coupled singlet-triplet qubits by cascading robust single-qubit gates, leading to a 35% reduction in gate time compared to previous works. This cascade approach can be scaled up to produce gates for an arbitrary-length spin qubit array and is thus relevant to scalable quantum computing architectures. To more accurately describe real spin qubit experiments, we show how to design sequences that incorporate additional features and practical constraints such as sample-specific charge noise models and finite pulse rise times. We provide a detailed analysis based on randomized benchmarking to show how supcode gates perform under realistic $1/{f}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ noise and find a strong dependence of gate fidelity on the exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, with best performance for $\ensuremath{\alpha}>1$. Our supcode sequences can therefore be used to implement robust universal quantum computation while accommodating the fundamental constraints and experimental realities of singlet-triplet qubits.

arXiv:1312.4523•Physical Review A•Feb 11, 2014•101 citations

Crosstalk error correction through dynamical decoupling of single-qubit gates in capacitively coupled singlet-triplet semiconductor spin qubits

Donovan L. Buterakos, Robert E. Throckmorton, S. Das Sarma

In addition to magnetic field and electric charge noise adversely affecting spin-qubit operations, performing single-qubit gates on one of multiple coupled singlet-triplet qubits presents a new challenge: crosstalk, which is inevitable (and must be minimized) in any multiqubit quantum computing architecture. We develop a set of dynamically corrected pulse sequences that are designed to cancel the effects of both types of noise (i.e., field and charge) as well as crosstalk to leading order, and provide parameters for these corrected sequences for all 24 of the single-qubit Clifford gates. We then provide an estimate of the error as a function of the noise and capacitive coupling to compare the fidelity of our corrected gates to their uncorrected versions. Dynamical error correction protocols presented in this work are important for the next generation of singlet-triplet qubit devices where coupling among many qubits will become relevant.

arXiv:1711.02092•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Jan 29, 2018•32 citations

Noise-Resistant Control for a Spin Qubit Array

J. P. Kestner, Xin Wang, Lev S. Bishop +2 more

We develop a systematic method of performing corrected gate operations on an array of exchange-coupled singlet-triplet qubits in the presence of both fluctuating nuclear Overhauser field gradients and charge noise. The single-qubit control sequences we present have a simple form, are relatively short, and form the building blocks of a corrected cnot gate when also implemented on the interqubit exchange link. This is a key step towards enabling large-scale quantum computation in a semiconductor-based architecture by facilitating error reduction below the quantum error correction threshold for both single-qubit and multiqubit gate operations.

arXiv:1301.0826•Physical Review Letters•Apr 5, 2013•102 citations

Impact of gate-voltage noise on silicon spin-qubit variational quantum eigensolvers

Xinning Wang, Bohdan Khromets, Zachery Merino +1 more

Quantum computers offer a route to outperform classical methods in tasks such as molecular simulation, motivating hybrid algorithms like the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) for near-term devices. Silicon spin qubits are a promising platform for scalable quantum computation, but their performance is limited by hardware imperfections -- most notably charge-noise-induced potential fluctuations and static miscalibration of gate-electrode voltages -- which degrade quantum gate fidelities and, ultimately, algorithmic accuracy. Here we develop a hardware-algorithm co-simulation framework for silicon quantum-dot processors that links 3D electrostatics to effective $g$-factors and exchange couplings, and propagates voltage-level noise through realistic control pulses. Using VQE for $\mathrm{H}_2$ ground-state energy estimation as a circuit-level testbed, we study both static scaling/offset errors on the gate-electrode voltages and stochastic fluctuations modeled as random-telegraph noise with tunable amplitudes and switching times. At the gate level, we show that exchange-based two-qubit gates are roughly an order of magnitude more sensitive to these types of noise than ESR-driven single-qubit rotations. Quantum process tomography and Kraus-operator analysis further distinguish coherent and incoherent contributions and quantify the fraction of error that is, in principle, correctable by a compensating unitary. Embedding these noise models into the VQE circuit, we identify regimes of miscalibration strength and noise switching time compatible with chemically accurate energy estimates, and discuss how statistical post-processing based on the full distribution of noisy energy estimates could further improve accuracy.

quant-pharXiv:2606.08874•Jun 9, 2026•0 citations

Fast pulse sequences for dynamically corrected gates in singlet-triplet qubits

Robert E. Throckmorton, Chengxian Zhang, Xu-Chen Yang +3 more

We present a set of experimentally feasible pulse sequences that implement any single-qubit gate on a singlet-triplet spin qubit and demonstrate that these new sequences are up to three times faster than existing sequences in the literature. We show that these sequences can be extended to incorporate built-in dynamical error correction, yielding gates that are robust to both charge and magnetic field noise and up to twice as fast as previous dynamically corrected gate schemes. We present a thorough comparison of the performance of our new sequences with that of several existing ones using randomized benchmarking, considering both quasistatic and $1/{f}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ noise models. We provide our results both as a function of evolution time and as a function of the number of gates, which respectively yield both an effective coherence time and an estimate of the number of gates that can be performed within this coherence time. We determine which set of pulse sequences gives the best results for a wide range of noise strengths and power spectra. Overall, we find that the traditional, slower sequences perform best when there is no field noise or when the noise contains significant high-frequency components; otherwise, our new, fast sequences exhibit the best performance.

arXiv:1709.02808•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Nov 17, 2017•19 citations
We study the performance of supcode---a family of dynamically correcting pulses designed to cancel simultaneously both Overhauser and charge noise for singlet-triplet spin qubits---adapted to silicon devices with electrostatic control. We consider both natural Si and isotope-enriched Si systems, and in each case we investigate the behavior of individual gates under static noise and perform randomized benchmarking to obtain the average gate error under realistic 1/f1/f1/f noise. We find that in most cases supcode pulses offer roughly an order of magnitude reduction in gate error, and especially in the case of isotope-enriched Si, supcode yields gate operations of very high fidelity. We also develop a version of supcode that cancels the charge noise only, ``\ensuremathδJ\ensuremath{\delta}J\ensuremathδJ-supcode,'' which is particularly beneficial for isotope-enriched Si devices where charge noise dominates Overhauser noise, offering a level of error reduction comparable to the original supcode while yielding gate times that are 3030%--50%30 shorter. Our results show that the supcode noise-compensating pulses provide a fast, simple, and effective approach to error suppression, bringing gate errors well below the quantum error correction threshold in principle.
Semiconductor quantum dot spin qubits are promising candidates for quantum computing. In these systems, the dynamically corrected gates offer considerable reduction of gate errors and are therefore of great interest both theoretically and experimentally. They are, however, designed under the static-noise model and may be considered as low-frequency filters. In this work, we perform a comprehensive theoretical study of the response of a type of dynamically corrected gates, namely the supcode for singlet-triplet qubits, to realistic 1/f noises with frequency spectra 1/ω(α). Through randomized benchmarking, we have found that supcode offers improvement of the gate fidelity for α 1 and the improvement becomes exponentially more pronounced with the increase of the noise exponent in the range 1 α ≤ 3 studied. On the other hand, for small α, supcode will not offer any improvement. The δJ-supcode, specifically designed for systems where the nuclear noise is absent, is found to offer additional error reduction than the full supcode for charge noises. The computed filter transfer functions of the supcode gates are also presented.
We present a comprehensive theoretical treatment of supcode, a method for generating dynamically corrected quantum gate operations, which are immune to random noise in the environment, by using carefully designed sequences of soft pulses. supcode enables dynamical error suppression even when the control field is constrained to be positive and uniaxial, making it particularly suited to counteracting the effects of noise in systems subject to these constraints such as singlet-triplet qubits. We describe and explain in detail how to generate supcode pulse sequences for arbitrary single-qubit gates and provide several explicit examples of sequences that implement commonly used gates, including the single-qubit Clifford gates. We develop sequences for noise-resistant two-qubit gates for two exchange-coupled singlet-triplet qubits by cascading robust single-qubit gates, leading to a 35% reduction in gate time compared to previous works. This cascade approach can be scaled up to produce gates for an arbitrary-length spin qubit array and is thus relevant to scalable quantum computing architectures. To more accurately describe real spin qubit experiments, we show how to design sequences that incorporate additional features and practical constraints such as sample-specific charge noise models and finite pulse rise times. We provide a detailed analysis based on randomized benchmarking to show how supcode gates perform under realistic $1/{f}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ noise and find a strong dependence of gate fidelity on the exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, with best performance for $\ensuremath{\alpha}>1$. Our supcode sequences can therefore be used to implement robust universal quantum computation while accommodating the fundamental constraints and experimental realities of singlet-triplet qubits.
In addition to magnetic field and electric charge noise adversely affecting spin-qubit operations, performing single-qubit gates on one of multiple coupled singlet-triplet qubits presents a new challenge: crosstalk, which is inevitable (and must be minimized) in any multiqubit quantum computing architecture. We develop a set of dynamically corrected pulse sequences that are designed to cancel the effects of both types of noise (i.e., field and charge) as well as crosstalk to leading order, and provide parameters for these corrected sequences for all 24 of the single-qubit Clifford gates. We then provide an estimate of the error as a function of the noise and capacitive coupling to compare the fidelity of our corrected gates to their uncorrected versions. Dynamical error correction protocols presented in this work are important for the next generation of singlet-triplet qubit devices where coupling among many qubits will become relevant.
We develop a systematic method of performing corrected gate operations on an array of exchange-coupled singlet-triplet qubits in the presence of both fluctuating nuclear Overhauser field gradients and charge noise. The single-qubit control sequences we present have a simple form, are relatively short, and form the building blocks of a corrected cnot gate when also implemented on the interqubit exchange link. This is a key step towards enabling large-scale quantum computation in a semiconductor-based architecture by facilitating error reduction below the quantum error correction threshold for both single-qubit and multiqubit gate operations.
Quantum computers offer a route to outperform classical methods in tasks such as molecular simulation, motivating hybrid algorithms like the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) for near-term devices. Silicon spin qubits are a promising platform for scalable quantum computation, but their performance is limited by hardware imperfections -- most notably charge-noise-induced potential fluctuations and static miscalibration of gate-electrode voltages -- which degrade quantum gate fidelities and, ultimately, algorithmic accuracy. Here we develop a hardware-algorithm co-simulation framework for silicon quantum-dot processors that links 3D electrostatics to effective ggg-factors and exchange couplings, and propagates voltage-level noise through realistic control pulses. Using VQE for H2\mathrm{H}_2H2​ ground-state energy estimation as a circuit-level testbed, we study both static scaling/offset errors on the gate-electrode voltages and stochastic fluctuations modeled as random-telegraph noise with tunable amplitudes and switching times. At the gate level, we show that exchange-based two-qubit gates are roughly an order of magnitude more sensitive to these types of noise than ESR-driven single-qubit rotations. Quantum process tomography and Kraus-operator analysis further distinguish coherent and incoherent contributions and quantify the fraction of error that is, in principle, correctable by a compensating unitary. Embedding these noise models into the VQE circuit, we identify regimes of miscalibration strength and noise switching time compatible with chemically accurate energy estimates, and discuss how statistical post-processing based on the full distribution of noisy energy estimates could further improve accuracy.
We present a set of experimentally feasible pulse sequences that implement any single-qubit gate on a singlet-triplet spin qubit and demonstrate that these new sequences are up to three times faster than existing sequences in the literature. We show that these sequences can be extended to incorporate built-in dynamical error correction, yielding gates that are robust to both charge and magnetic field noise and up to twice as fast as previous dynamically corrected gate schemes. We present a thorough comparison of the performance of our new sequences with that of several existing ones using randomized benchmarking, considering both quasistatic and $1/{f}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ noise models. We provide our results both as a function of evolution time and as a function of the number of gates, which respectively yield both an effective coherence time and an estimate of the number of gates that can be performed within this coherence time. We determine which set of pulse sequences gives the best results for a wide range of noise strengths and power spectra. Overall, we find that the traditional, slower sequences perform best when there is no field noise or when the noise contains significant high-frequency components; otherwise, our new, fast sequences exhibit the best performance.