We present a functional renormalization group (fRG) formalism for interacting fermions on lattices that captures the flow into states with commensurate spin-density-wave order. During the flow, the growth of the order parameter is fed back into the flow of the interactions and all modes can be integrated out. This extends previous fRG flows in the symmetric phase that run into a divergence at a nonzero RG scale, i.e., that have to be stopped at the ordering scale. We use the corresponding Ward identity to check the accuracy of the results. We apply our method to a model with two Fermi pockets that have perfect particle-hole nesting. The results obtained from the fRG are compared with those in random-phase approximation.
We present a functional renormalization group (fRG) formalism for interacting fermions on lattices that captures the flow into states with commensurate spin-density-wave order. During the flow, the growth of the order parameter is fed back into the flow of the interactions and all modes can be integrated out. This extends previous fRG flows in the symmetric phase that run into a divergence at a nonzero RG scale, i.e., that have to be stopped at the ordering scale. We use the corresponding Ward identity to check the accuracy of the results. We apply our method to a model with two Fermi pockets that have perfect particle-hole nesting. The results obtained from the fRG are compared with those in random-phase approximation.
We present a functional renormalization group (fRG) flow for many-fermion lattice models into phases with broken spin-rotational symmetry. The flow is expressed purely in terms of fermionic vertex functions. The symmetry breaking is seeded by a small initial anomalous self-energy which grows at the transition scale and which prevents a runaway flow at nonzero scales. Focusing on the case of commensurate antiferromagnetism, we discuss how the interaction vertex can be parametrized efficiently. For reduced models with long-range bare interactions, we show the results of standard mean-field theory are reproduced by the fRG and how anisotropies in the spin sector change the flows. We then describe a more efficient decomposition of the interaction vertex that should allow for the treatment of more general models.
This thesis is devoted to purely fermionic functional renormalization-group (fRG) studies of multiband effects and of antiferromagnetically ordered phases. The formal framework of the one-particle irreducible fRG scheme is recapitulated and extended for charge-conserving theories with a collinear spin symmetry. For multiband models, point-group symmetries and their interplay with the phases of Bloch basis states are discussed. Further, an improved truncation of the fRG flow equations is proposed that keeps track of three-particle interactions generated by virtual excitations of bands away from the Fermi surface. The feedback of this three-particle term on the two-particle interaction is first investigated in a g-ology approach to a simple two-band model for cuprate superconductors at weak coupling. The results suggest a potentially strong impact of the three-particle term. Subsequently, the three-band Emery model is analyzed within a channel-decomposition, again at weak coupling. In contrast to earlier work, the approach pursued here does not rely on a form-factor expansion, which allows for the observation of a deformed d-wave pairing gap for increasingly incommensurate ordering tendencies in the magnetic channel. In this more refined study, the three-particle feedback plays a minor role. Despite considerable qualitative agreement with results for the one-band Hubbard model with effective parameters, multi-orbital effects are found to play an important role on a quantitative level. Phases of antiferromagnetic ordering are first studied for a reduced mean-field model. In order to go beyond the mean-field picture, a hierarchy of approximations is devised, which starts from the corresponding channel-decomposed one-loop flow equations. Interaction terms breaking discrete symmetries are thereby successively neglected. In the course of these approximations, also an exchange parametrization is employed. For the spin-density wave phase of a two-pocket model initially proposed by Chubukov et al. in Phys. Rev. B 78:134512, the flow equations are then integrated numerically at the most approximate level of the hierarchy. This yields a gap that is significantly reduced compared to mean-field theory. The resulting violation of the SU(2) Ward identity appears acceptable on a qualitative level, suggesting that the approximations causing this violation are physically meaningful.
The channel-decomposed functional renormalization group (FRG) approach, most recently presented in the variant of truncated-unity FRG (TUFRG), has so far been used for various two-dimensional model systems. Yet for many interesting material systems the third spatial dimension is of clear relevance. Therefore, FRG schemes working in three spatial dimensions (3D) are definitely on the wish list. Here we demonstrate that a 3D TUFRG scheme can be set up in a straightforward extension of previous two-dimensional codes and gives physically sensible results with affordable numerical effort, regarding both the qualitative and quantitative descriptions. The computed phase diagram of the three-dimensional Hubbard model at half filling or perfect nesting shows a phase transition to a $(\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi})$-ordered antiferromagnetic ground state for repulsive interactions at an energy scale that compares well with other numerical approaches in the literature. Furthermore, the method allowed us to detect a d-wave pairing and a concurring $(\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi},0)$ antiferromagnetic ground state in the hole-doped Hubbard model.
First-order phase transitions in many-fermion systems are not detected in the susceptibility analysis of common renormalization-group (RG) approaches. Here, we introduce a counterterm technique within the functional renormalization-group (fRG) formalism which allows access to all stable and metastable configurations. It becomes possible to study symmetry-broken states which occur through first-order transitions as well as hysteresis phenomena. For continuous transitions, the standard results are reproduced. As an example, we study discrete-symmetry breaking in a mean-field model for a commensurate charge-density wave. An additional benefit of the approach is that away from the critical temperature for the breaking of discrete symmetries large interactions can be avoided at all RG scales.
First-order phase transitions in many-fermion systems are not detected\n in the susceptibility analysis of common renormalization-group (RG)\n approaches. Here, we introduce a counterterm technique within the\n functional renormalization-group (fRG) formalism which allows access to\n all stable and metastable configurations. It becomes possible to study\n symmetry-broken states which occur through first-order transitions as\n well as hysteresis phenomena. For continuous transitions, the standard\n results are reproduced. As an example, we study discrete-symmetry\n breaking in a mean-field model for a commensurate charge-density wave.\n An additional benefit of the approach is that away from the critical\n temperature for the breaking of discrete symmetries large interactions\n can be avoided at all RG scales.
In this thesis a novel computational approach for functional Renormalization Group (fRG) investigations regarding interacting fermions on two-dimensional lattices is derived. The approach is based on the exchange-parametrization fRG [C. Husemann and M. Salmhofer. Phys. Rev. B, 79:195125.] concerning the two-fermion interaction, with additional insertions of truncated partitions of unity that are inspired by the singular-mode fRG [W.-S. Wang, Y.-Y. Xiang, Q.-H. Wang, et al.. Phys. Rev. B, 85:035414.]. These insertions decouple the fermionic propagators from the exchange propagators and thereby lead to a separation of the underlying equations. It is argued that this separation is numerically advantageous and may pave the way for refined, large-scale computational fRG investigations. Furthermore, on the basis of speedup data gained from an implementation of the novel scheme, it is shown that the new equation structure facilitates efficient calculations on a large number of multi-core CPUs. Utilizing the methodical development, two applications are presented afterwards: Firstly, the scheme is applied to the t-t' Hubbard model on a square lattice. In order to test the method, the convergence of the results with respect to increasing truncation length of the partition of unity is analyzed and a comparison to findings from previous fRG studies is drawn. The test yields a fast convergence in most parts of the investigated parameter range. Moreover, it was found that the older findings are approximately reproduced using a short truncation length, while quantitative corrections to the previous results are obtained using longer truncation lengths. In addition to these method focused investigations, the high momentum-space resolution of the implementation was utilized to study ordering vectors of antiferromagnetic phases. A comparison to calculations solely based on the magnetic channel revealed that the inter-channel feedback, as contained in the fRG, generates support for commensurate antiferromagnetic orderings. The second application addresses a modified version of the previous model, in which a Coulomb-like long-range interaction term is added to the local Hubbard interaction. In this work a solution is presented on how the long-range interaction can be implemented in a momentum-space fRG scheme without encountering singularities. Afterwards, phase diagrams are given that compare the results of calculations using short- and long-ranged interactions, showing significantly lower critical scales in the long-range scenario. Finally, screening lengths are extracted from the fRG outcome and are compared to those calculated in a 'random phase approximation'. The comparison reveals quantitative differences between both values. However, the results indicate that the charge screening is not changed qualitatively by the feedback from other channels, i.e., at van Hove filling the screening length tends to zero in both cases.