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arXiv:1405.7477 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Velocity selective bipolarization spectroscopy for laser cooling of metastable krypton atoms

Y. B. Kale, Vibhuti Bhushan Tiwari, Sunita Singh, Satya Ram Mishra, H. S. Rawat

Published Oct 2, 2014• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report a velocity selective bipolarization spectroscopy (VS-BPS) technique to generate a background-free, dispersion-like reference signal which is tunable over a wide range of frequency. In this technique, a pair of linearly polarized weak probe beams passing through a gas cell of metastable krypton (Kr*) atoms overlaps with a pair of counterpropagating circularly polarized strong pump beams derived from an independently tunable control laser. The polarization spectroscopy signals from the two probe beams, after subtraction, result in the VS-BPS signal. The spectral shifting in the VS-BPS signal can be achieved by tuning the frequency of the control laser. The dependence of the amplitude and slope of the VS-BPS signal on the RF power used for excitation of Kr atoms in the gas cell and on the power of pump beams has been studied. The frequency stability of a diode laser locked with VS-BPS signal has been found to be better than the frequency stability of the laser locked with a saturated absorption spectroscopy signal. The VS-BPS signal is finally used for stabilization and tuning of the cooling laser frequency for a magneto-optical trap for Kr* atoms.

DOI
10.1364/josab.31.002531

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We report a velocity selective bipolarization spectroscopy (VS-BPS) technique to generate a background-free, dispersion-like reference signal which is tunable over a wide range of frequency. In this technique, a pair of linearly polarized weak probe beams passing through a gas cell of metastable krypton (Kr*) atoms overlaps with a pair of counterpropagating circularly polarized strong pump beams derived from an independently tunable control laser. The polarization spectroscopy signals from the two probe beams, after subtraction, result in the VS-BPS signal. The spectral shifting in the VS-BPS signal can be achieved by tuning the frequency of the control laser. The dependence of the amplitude and slope of the VS-BPS signal on the RF power used for excitation of Kr atoms in the gas cell and on the power of pump beams has been studied. The frequency stability of a diode laser locked with VS-BPS signal has been found to be better than the frequency stability of the laser locked with a saturated absorption spectroscopy signal. The VS-BPS signal is finally used for stabilization and tuning of the cooling laser frequency for a magneto-optical trap for Kr* atoms.
We present a technique, called the polarization enhanced tunable Doppler-free dichroic lock (PET-DFDL) technique, for frequency stabilization of a laser system. This technique is based on the magnetically induced circular dichroism for a pair of circularly polarized probe beams overlapped by oppositely circularly polarized counterpropagating pump beams. The amplitude and slope of the signal generated in the PET-DFDL technique at cooling transition F = 2 → F ′ = 3 in 87 R b atom are nearly 4 times higher than those of signal generated from conventional Doppler-free dichroic lock (DFDL). The proposed PET-DFDL technique can also provide tunable lock-position. The frequency stability of a laser system locked with the PET-DFDL technique has been improved by factor of 2 as compared to frequency stability obtained by the DFDL technique. The dependence of PET-DFDL signal on pump beam power and magnetic field for the cooling transition of 87 R b atom is also investigated.
We present a simple technique to obtain modulation-free locking signals at the detuned frequency from an atom transition between hyperfine structures. Polarization spectroscopy allows us to obtain the dispersion signals that are suitable for frequency locking. Velocity selective optical pumping using another laser beam also allows us to obtain signals at the detuned frequency and to shift crossover signal away. By combining these two techniques, we were able to obtain the velocity selective birefringence signal only at the principle transition in an Rb vapor cell and compare the birefringence signal with the theoretical spectrum predicted by using Nakayama’s model.
We report here an atomic beam loaded magneto-optical trap (MOT) for metastable krypton atoms in which the fluorescence signal from the atomic beam is used to lock the cooling laser frequency. The fluorescence signal is generated by exciting the metastable krypton atomic beam using a probe laser beam (i.e. part of the cooling laser beam) intersecting the atomic beam at an angle. A spectral shift in the fluorescence signal can be achieved by varying the angle between the probe laser beam and the atomic beam to obtain the desired frequency detuning to lock the cooling laser frequency. This has been used to optimize the number of cold atoms in the MOT. The dependence of the peak height and slope of the atomic beam fluorescence (ABF) locking signal on the RF power in the discharge tube and pressure in the observation chamber of the setup has been studied to correlate its effect on the number of atoms in the MOT.
Precise laser stabilization is a fundamental aspect of modern metrology, directly influencing the accuracy of fundamental measurements in fields such as high-precision metrology, atomic sensor applications, and quantum technologies. Saturation absorption spectroscopy (SAS) is one of the most effective techniques for achieving high spectral stability, as it enables laser frequencies to be locked to atomic resonances. This technique exploits the nonlinear interaction between a weaker probe beam and a stronger pump beam within a rubidium (Rb) atomic vapor cell. By eliminating Doppler broadening, SAS allows well-defined hyperfine transitions to be resolved, providing a reliable optical frequency reference. This study aims to optimize laser frequency stabilization using the SAS technique by investigating the effects of laser light polarization, atomic vapor cell temperature, and pump-probe power adjustments. Polarization-dependent selection rules influence transition probabilities, thereby affecting spectral contrast and frequency stability. Additionally, atomic density variations, which depend on the vapor cell temperature, influence signal strength and linewidth, necessitating precise temperature control for optimal performance. Furthermore, the pump power must be sufficient to induce saturation without excessive power broadening, while the probe power must remain low enough to prevent spectral line distortion. By optimizing polarization, temperature, and power parameters, the stabilization of the Rb atomic laser can be enhanced, leading to improved reproducibility and consistency in high-precision measurements. SAS-based laser stabilization is particularly crucial for atomic sensor applications and quantum technologies, where highly stable, narrow-linewidth lasers are essential for precision measurements. Applications such as atomic magnetometers, gyroscopes, and inertial navigation systems depend on precisely stabilized lasers for optimal performance. By enhancing the reliability of laser frequency stabilization, this work contributes to the advancement of next-generation atomic sensors with improved sensitivity and stability.
The utilization of atomic or molecular spectroscopy for frequency locking of single-frequency laser to improve laser frequency stability plays an important role in the experimental investigation of optically pumped atomic magnetometers, atomic clocks, laser cooling and trapping of atoms, etc. We have experimentally demonstrated a technique for frequency stabilization of a single-frequency laser employing the bright state spectroscopy (BSS) with a rubidium atomic vapor cell. By utilizing the counter-propagating dual-frequency 795 nm laser beams with mutually orthogonal linear polarization and a frequency difference of 6.834 GHz, which is equal to the hyperfine splitting of rubidium-87 ground state 5S1/2, an absorption-enhanced signal with narrow linewidth at the center of Doppler-broadened transmission spectroscopy is observed when continuous scanning the laser frequency over rubidium-87 D1 transition. This is the so-called BSS. Amplitude of the absorption-enhanced signal in the BSS is much larger compared with the conventional saturation absorption spectroscopy (SAS). The relationship between linewidth and amplitude of the BSS signal and laser beam intensity has been investigated. This high-contrast absorption-enhanced BSS signal has been employed for the laser frequency stabilization. The experimental results show that the frequency stability is 4.4×10−11 with an integration time of 40 s, near one order of magnitude better than that for using the SAS.
Isotope selective optical excitation of atoms is important for experiments with neutral atoms, metrology, and work with trapped ions, including quantum information processing. Polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy is used to frequency stabilise a tunable external cavity laser diode system at 398.9 nm for isotope selective photoionization of neutral Yb atoms. This spectroscopy technique is used to measure isotope resolved dispersive features from transitions within a see through configuration Ytterbium hollow-cathode discharge lamp. This Doppler-free dichroic polarization spectroscopy is realised by retro-reflecting a laser beam through the discharge and analysing the polarization dependent absorption with balanced detection. The spectroscopy signal is recovered using lock-in detection of frequency modulation induced by current modulation of the external cavity laser diode. Here, we show the use of polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for isotope selectively loading of 171^{171}171Yb+^++, 172^{172}172Yb+^++, or 174^{174}174Yb+^++ ions into an RF Paul trap.