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arXiv:1405.3337 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Thermal effects on bipartite and multipartite correlations in fiber coupled cavity arrays

Jian-Song Zhang, Aixi Chen

Published Apr 18, 2014• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate the thermal influence of fibers on the dynamics of bipartite and multipartite correlations in fiber coupled cavity arrays where each cavity is resonantly coupled to a two-level atom. The atom-cavity systems connected by fibers can be considered as polaritonic qubits. We first derive a master equation to describe the evolution of the atom-cavity systems. The bipartite (multipartite) correlations are measured by concurrence and discord (spin squeezing). Then, we solve the master equation numerically and study the thermal effects on the concurrence, discord, and spin squeezing of the qubits. On the one hand, at zero temperature, there are steady state bipartite and multipartite correlations. On the other hand, the thermal fluctuations of a fiber may block the generation of entanglement of two qubits connected directly by the fiber, while the discord can be generated and stored for a long time. This thermal-induced blockade effects of bipartite correlations may be useful for quantum information processing. The bipartite correlations of a longer chain of qubits is more robust than a shorter one in the presence of thermal fluctuations.

DOI
10.1364/josab.31.001126

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A theoretical model for driving a two-qubit system to a stable long-lived entanglement is discussed. The entire system is represented by two atoms, initially in ground states and disentangled, each one coupled to a separate cavity with the cavities connected by a fiber. The cavities and fiber exchange energy with their individual thermal environments. Under these conditions, we apply the theory of microscopic master equation developed for the dynamics of the open quantum system. Deriving the density operator of the two-qubit system we found that stable long-lived quantum correlations are generated in the presence of thermal excitation of the environments. To the best of our knowledge, there is no a similar effect observed in a quantum open system described by a generalized microscopic master equation in the approximation of the cavity quantum electrodynamics.
We consider a fiber coupled cavity array. Each cavity is doped with a single two-level atom. By treating the atom-cavity systems as combined polaritonic qubits, we can transform it into a polaritonic qubit-qubit array in the dispersive regime. We show that the four fiber coupled cavity open chain and ring can both generate the four qubit W state and cluster state, and can both transfer one and two qubit arbitrary states. We also discuss the dynamical behaviors of the four fiber coupled cavity array with unequal couplings.
Geometrical quantum discord (GQD) is an effective measure of quantum correlation in quantum systems. We study GQD dynamics in an atom-cavity-fiber system. GQD between atoms and that between cavities are investigated. The influences of coupling constant between cavity and fiber and the intensity of the cavity field on GQD are discussed. Results show that GQD between atoms and that between cavities all display periodical evolutions, and their evolution frequencies increase with increasing coupling constant between cavity and fiber. On the other hand, the GQD between atoms and that between cavities are all strengthened with increasing intensity of the cavity field.
The decay of correlations between two qubits under the influence of a squeezed thermal reservoir is investigated by means of the quantum master equation in the Born–Markov approximation. To find the effect of the reservoir squeezing on the two-qubit correlations, concurrence, quantum discord, classical correlation and total correlation are calculated for the X-states. It is found that, except for quantum discord, the reservoir squeezing always suppresses the decay of the correlations during the time evolution. On the other hand, for quantum discord, the reservoir squeezing enhances the decay in the initial and intermediate time regions while it reduces the decay in the long time region.
We show that long-distance steady-state quantum correlations (entanglement) between pairs of cavity-atom systems in an array of lossy and driven coupled resonators can be established and controlled. The maximal of entanglement for any pair is achieved when their corresponding direct coupling is much smaller than their individual couplings to the third party. This effect is reminiscent of the coherent trapping of the Λ−Λ-Λ−type three-level atoms using two classical coherent fields. Different geometries for coherent control are considered. For finite temperature, the steady state of the coupled lossy atom-cavity arrays with driving fields is in general not a thermal state. Using an appropriate distance measure for quantum states, we find that the change rate of the degree of thermalization with respect to the driving strength is consistent with the entanglement of the system.