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arXiv:1405.2792 · Journal of High Energy Physics

Holographic entanglement entropy and gravitational anomalies

Alejandra Castro, Stephane Detournay, Nabil Iqbal, Eric Perlmutter

Published Jul 1, 2014• 99 citations
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Abstract

We study entanglement entropy in two-dimensional conformal field theories with a gravitational anomaly. In theories with gravity duals, this anomaly is holographically represented by a gravitational Chern-Simons term in the bulk action. We show that the anomaly broadens the Ryu-Takayanagi minimal worldline into a ribbon, and that the anomalous contribution to the CFT entanglement entropy is given by the twist in this ribbon. The entanglement functional may also be interpreted as the worldline action for a spinning particle — that is, an anyon — in three-dimensional curved spacetime. We demonstrate that the minimization of this action results in the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon equations of motion for a spinning particle in three dimensions. We work out several simple examples and demonstrate agreement with CFT calculations.

DOI
10.1007/jhep07(2014)114

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Abstract In this paper we study the entanglement entropy in the CFT2, whose gravity dual is AdS3 spacetime with a Chern-Simons term. Using the generalized Rindler method, we obtain the Rindler transformation in the two-dimensional planar CFT and compute the entanglement entropy of the CFT with gravitational anomalies. The conditions under which the entanglement entropy may have anomalous contributions is also discussed. In addition, we present a relatively general form of the Rindler AdS metric and compute its thermal entropy, which agrees with the entanglement entropy in the field theory. Moreover, we utilize the conformal transformation, which maps a cylinder to a plane, to compute the entanglement entropy of the CFT residing on a cylinder, as well as the entanglement entropy of the CFT at finite temperature on a plane. The corresponding contribution of the Chern-Simons term in gravity to the black hole thermal entropy is also obtained from this approach. These results are important for further understandings of the two-dimensional CFT with gravitational anomalies.
We investigate mixed state entanglement measures of entanglement negativity and reflected entropy for bipartite states in two dimensional conformal field theories with an anomaly through appropriate replica techniques. Furthermore we propose holographic constructions for these measures from the corresponding bulk dual geometries involving topologically massive gravity in AdS3{\mathrm{AdS}}_{3}AdS3​ and find exact agreement with the field theory results. In this connection we extend an earlier holographic proposal for the entanglement negativity to the bulk action with a gravitational Chern-Simons term and compute its contribution to the entanglement wedge cross section dual to the reflected entropy.
Entanglement entropy in holographic conformal field theories with boundaries of generic spacetime signature cannot be described entirely within the standard holographic duality to a real bulk spacetime. We show, both in static and time-dependent setups, that an exact match with the conformal field theory predictions in two boundary dimensions entails an extension of the dual spacetime to complex coordinates. As a consequence, relevant bulk objects such as Ryu-Takayanagi surfaces and branes are in general complex, yet anchored on a real asymptotic boundary preserving the physical meaning of field-theoretical quantities. We also provide a third numerical check of the holographic prediction with a two-dimensional system of free Gaussian fermions exhibiting the same asymptotic regimes across different entanglement phases.
We present the analytical calculation of entanglement entropy for a class of two-dimensional field theories governed by the symmetries of the Galilean conformal algebra, thus providing a rare example of such an exact computation. These field theories are the putative holographic duals to theories of gravity in three-dimensional asymptotically flat spacetimes. We provide a check of our field theory answers by an analysis of geodesics. We also exploit the Chern-Simons formulation of three-dimensional gravity and adapt recent proposals of calculating entanglement entropy by Wilson lines in this context to find an independent confirmation of our results from holography.
We present a detailed discussion of entanglement entropy in (1+1)-dimensional Warped Conformal Field Theories (WCFTs). We implement the Rindler method to evaluate entanglement and Renyi entropies for a single interval and along the way we interpret our results in terms of twist field correlation functions. Holographically a WCFT can be described in terms of Lower Spin Gravity, a SL (2, ℝ) × U (1) Chern-Simons theory in three dimensions. We show how to obtain the universal field theory results for entanglement in a WCFT via holography. For the geometrical description of the theory we introduce the concept of geodesic and massive point particles in the warped geometry associated to Lower Spin Gravity. In the Chern-Simons description we evaluate the appropriate Wilson line that captures the dynamics of a massive particle.
We consider entanglement entropy in the context of gauge/gravity duality for conformal field theories in even dimensions. The holographic prescription due to Ryu and Takayanagi (RT) leads to an equation describing how the entangling surface extends into the bulk geometry. We show that setting to zero, the timetime component of the Brown-York stress tensor evaluated on the co-dimension 1 entangling surface, leads to the same equation. By considering a spherical entangling surface as an example, we observe that the Euclidean actionmethods in AdS/CFT will lead to the RT area functional arising as a counterterm needed to regularize the stress tensor. We present arguments leading to a justification for the minimal area prescription.