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arXiv:1405.0986 · Physical Review A

Unified approach to entanglement criteria using the Cauchy-Schwarz and Hölder inequalities

Sabine Wölk, Marcus Huber, Otfried Gühne

Published Aug 15, 2014• 15 citations
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Abstract

We present a unified approach to different recent entanglement criteria. Although they were developed in different ways, we show that they are all applications of a more general principle given by the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. We explain this general principle and show how to use it to derive not only already known entanglement criteria, but also criteria which were unknown so far. We systematically investigate its potential and limitations to detect bipartite and multipartite entanglement. Furthermore, we describe how to apply our generalized entanglement detection scheme to find the measurement directions to verify the entanglement of a given state experimentally.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.90.022315

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We present a unified approach to different recent entanglement criteria. Although they were developed in different ways, we show that they are all applications of a more general principle given by the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. We explain this general principle and show how to use it to derive not only already known entanglement criteria, but also criteria which were unknown so far. We systematically investigate its potential and limitations to detect bipartite and multipartite entanglement. Furthermore, we describe how to apply our generalized entanglement detection scheme to find the measurement directions to verify the entanglement of a given state experimentally.
Entanglement detection is one of the core tasks in quantum information processing. Based on a broad class of informationally complete symmetric measurements, a series of separability criteria are proposed for different bipartite quantum systems using Cauchy–Schwarz inequality and ρ−ρA⊗ρB, respectively. In addition, by comparing and analyzing the existing entanglement criteria and detailed examples, it is not difficult to prove that our proposed criteria are more powerful and comprehensive in entanglement detection.
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Multipartite entanglement is one of the crucial resources in quantum information processing tasks such as quantum metrology, quantum computing and quantum communications. It is essential to verify not only the multipartite entanglement, but also the entanglement structure in both fundamental theories and the applications of quantum information technologies. However, it is proved to be challenging to detect the entanglement structures, including entanglement depth, entanglement intactness and entanglement stretchability, especially for general states and large-scale quantum systems. By using the partitions of the tensor product space we propose a systematic method to construct powerful entanglement witnesses which identify better the multipartite entanglement structures. Besides, an efficient algorithm using semi-definite programming and a gradient descent algorithm are designed to detect entanglement structure from the inner polytope of the convex set containing all the states with the same entanglement structure. We demonstrate by detailed examples that our criteria perform better than other known ones. Our results may be applied to many quantum information processing tasks.
Entanglement concurrence is an important bipartite entanglement measure that has found wide applications in quantum technologies. In this work, inspired by unified entropy, we introduce a two-parameter family of entanglement measures, referred to as the unified (q,s)(q,s)(q,s)-concurrence. Both the standard entanglement concurrence and the recently proposed qqq-concurrence emerge as special cases within this family. By combining the positive partial transposition and realignment criteria, we derive an analytical lower bound for this measure for arbitrary bipartite mixed states, revealing a connection to strong separability criteria. Explicit expressions are obtained for the unified (q,s)(q,s)(q,s)-concurrence in the cases of isotropic and Werner states under the constraint q>1q>1q>1 and qs≥1qs\geq 1qs≥1. Furthermore, we explore the monogamy properties of the unified (q,s)(q,s)(q,s)-concurrence for q≥2q\geq 2q≥2, 0≤s≤10\leq s\leq 10≤s≤1 and 1≤qs≤31\leq qs\leq 31≤qs≤3, in qubit systems. In addition, we derive an entanglement polygon inequality for the unified (q,s)(q,s)(q,s)-concurrence with q≥1q\geq 1q≥1 and qs≥1qs\geq 1qs≥1, which manifests the relationship among all the marginal entanglements in any multipartite qudit system.
Entanglement for continuous variable states opens up an avenue for experimental utilization of the entanglement properties of quantum physics very easily. Non- Gaussian continuous variable state improves the efficiency and robustness of a quantum teleportation and communication. Thus, it is important to understand the entanglement properties of non-Gaussian states. For a class of non-Gaussian continuous variable states, we derive a general criterion for SU(2) operators which incidentally coincides with the work of Agarwal and Biswas and another entanglement criteria for SU(1,1) operators for a two-mode non-Gaussian state using uncertainty relation and Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.