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arXiv:1402.3885 · Annals of Physics

Full quantum mechanical analysis of atomic three-grating Mach–Zehnder interferometry

Ángel S. Sanz, M. Davidović, M. Božić

Published Nov 29, 2014• 19 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.aop.2014.11.012

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The coherence effects induced by external photons coupled to matter waves inside a Mach–Zehnder three-grating interferometer are analyzed. Alternatively to atom–photon entanglement scenarios, the model considered here only relies on the atomic wavefunction and the momentum shift induced in it by the photon scattering events. A functional dependence is thus found between the observables, namely the fringe visibility and the phase shift, and the transversal momentum transfer distribution. Good quantitative agreement is found when comparing the results obtained from our model with the experimental data.
In this paper, we present a tutorial set-up based on an optical three-grating Mach–Zehnder interferometer. As this apparatus is very similar in its principle to the Mach–Zehnder interferometers used with matter waves (neutrons, atoms and molecules), it can be used to familiarize students with particle optics, and in our explanations, we use the complementary points of view of wave optics and particle optics. Finally, we have used this interferometer to measure the index of refraction of BK 7 glass for red light at 633 nm, with a technique equivalent to the one used to measure the index of refraction of solid matter for thermal neutrons. The dimensions of this interferometer and its cost make it very interesting for laboratory courses and the experiment described here can be reproduced by students.