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arXiv:1402.3389 · Physical Review A

Controllable single-photon frequency converter via a one-dimensional waveguide

Zhihai Wang, Lan Zhou, Yong Li, C. P. Sun

Published May 9, 2014• 79 citations
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Abstract

We propose a single-photon frequency converter via a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a three-level $V$-type atom. An on-demand classical driving field is used to couple to the atom, allowing it to absorb a photon with a given frequency and then emit a photon with a different carried frequency. We study such a single-photon frequency conversion mechanism in two kinds of realistic physical systems: the system of coupled-resonator waveguide with cosine dispersion relation and the one of waveguide with linear dispersion relation. To demonstrate the single-photon transfer efficiency, we introduce the concept of scattering flows via the calculation of group velocities and find that the driving field prefers to be weak in the coupled-resonator waveguide but arbitrarily strong in the linear waveguide to achieve an optimal transfer efficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our theoretical model is experimentally feasible with currently available technologies.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.89.053813

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We propose a single-photon frequency converter via a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a three-level VVV-type atom. An on-demand classical driving field is used to couple to the atom, allowing it to absorb a photon with a given frequency and then emit a photon with a different carried frequency. We study such a single-photon frequency conversion mechanism in two kinds of realistic physical systems: the system of coupled-resonator waveguide with cosine dispersion relation and the one of waveguide with linear dispersion relation. To demonstrate the single-photon transfer efficiency, we introduce the concept of scattering flows via the calculation of group velocities and find that the driving field prefers to be weak in the coupled-resonator waveguide but arbitrarily strong in the linear waveguide to achieve an optimal transfer efficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our theoretical model is experimentally feasible with currently available technologies.
We propose an efficient, nonreciprocal single-photon device that achieves single-photon routing and frequency conversion through chiral coupling of two one-dimensional waveguides with a four-level atom. Photons incoming from one port can be definitely directed to another port. However, the photon frequency conversion has been achieved only when the single photons are transferred from one waveguide to the other, and its probability can reach unity. Applied the on-demand classical field to drive an atom, the transmission quantum tunneling path can be turned off and on by exploiting the Autler–Townes splitting mechanism. Our results illustrate the potential of our device for applications in a quantum network.
We theoretically investigate coherent controlling single photon transport in one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a giant atom interacting with a resonator. The giant atom is considered as a Λ-type system. One transition of the atom couples to the waveguide and the other one is driven by the resonator. Single photon scattering amplitudes are calculated for three kinds of coupling schematics, respectively. Both the analytical and numerical results show that single photon scattering properties can be manipulated by adjusting the size of the giant atom, the coupling strengths of the waveguide-resonator and resonator-giant atom. Specifically, the transmission spectra exhibit two Rabi-splitting dips and the locations of the dips are strongly dependent on the size of the giant atom (GA). It also shows that the resonant single photon can be tuned from being transmitted to being reflected by controlling the coupling strength. Our results may find applications in designing quantum devices based on giant atom at single-photon level.
We propose to construct a nonreciprocal single-photon frequency converter via multiple semi-infinite coupled-resonator waveguides (CRWs). We first demonstrate that the frequency of a single photon can be converted nonreciprocally through two CRWs, which are coupled indirectly by optomechanical interactions with two nondegenerate mechanical modes. Based on this nonreciprocity, two different single-photon circulators are proposed in the T\mathsf{T}T-shaped waveguides consisting of three semi-infinite CRWs, which are coupled pairwise by optomechanical interactions. One circulator is proposed by using two nondegenerate mechanical modes and the other one is proposed by using three nondegenerate mechanical modes. Nonreciprocal single-photon frequency conversion is induced by breaking the time-reversal symmetry, and the optimal conditions for nonreciprocal frequency conversion are obtained. These proposals can be used to realize nonreciprocal frequency conversion of single photons in any two distinctive waveguides with different frequencies and they can allow for dynamic control of the direction of frequency conversion by tuning the phases of external driving lasers, which may have versatile applications in hybrid quantum networks.
We study the single-photon scattering in a one-dimensional (1D) waveguide coupled to one transition of a VVV-type giant atom (GA), whose other transition is coherently driven by an classical field. The inelastic scattering of single photons by the GA realizes the single-photon frequency conversion. By applying the Lippmann-Schwinger equation, the scattering coefficients for single photons incident from different directions are obtained, which present different scattering spectra in the Markovian and the non-Markovian regimes. The conversion contrast characterizing the nonreciprocity is also analyzed in both regimes. It is found that the probability of the frequency up- or down-conversion vanishes as long as the emission from either transition pathways for single photons is suppressed, but it is enhanced and even reach unity by introducing the nonreciprocity. It is the quantum self-interference induced by the scale of this two-legged GA and the phase difference between the GA-waveguide couplings that tune the probability of the frequency up- or down-conversion.
All-optical manipulation of a single-photon quantum transport is of fundamental importance in quantum nanophotonics. Here, a system consisting of a single-mode waveguide coupling with a V-type three-level atom is proposed, where two excited states of the atom are strongly driven by the external coherent field. Transmission and reflection spectra for the output photon at different frequency components, including virtual transitions induced by the ultrastrong driving, are calculated. The interaction between the waveguide photon and the driven atom experiences quantum interferences, which leads to a variety of capabilities for manipulating the single-photon transport in the spectral domain. We perform simulations to demonstrate the possibilities of achieving desired frequency conversions as well as generating different correlated single-photon states by using external drive field at chosen strength. Our work therefore studies the single-photon transport in a strongly driven atom–waveguide system and shows applications for all-optically manipulating the single photon in the field of quantum information processing.
We propose a scheme to achieve efficient frequency conversion for a single photon propagating in a 1D conventional waveguide by exploiting the quantum interference induced by the scale of a V-type giant atom (GA) characterized by the distance between the two coupling points as well as single-photon transition pathways originated from the coupling between the GA and the resonator. The presence of photons in the resonator triggers the frequency conversion of photons. The scattering spectra and the conversion contrast are studied in both the Markovian and the non-Markovian regimes. The disappearance of frequency conversion is rooted in the complete suppression of the emission from the excited state to either of lower states in the n+1n+1n+1 subspace where nnn is the photon number of the resonator, and the non-Markovicity-induced nonreciprocity is found under specific conditions. Altering the photon number nnn induces the non-reciprocal transmission of single photons in the waveguide, hence, enhance the conversion probability.