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arXiv:1402.2396 · Physical Review B

Spectroscopy of the D1 transition of cesium by dressed-state resonance fluorescence from a single (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dot

Sven M. Ulrich, Stefanie Weiler, Markus Oster, Michael Jetter, Alban Urvoy, R. Löw, Peter Michler

Published Sep 18, 2014• 25 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We use a laser-driven single (In,Ga)As quantum dot (QD) in the dressed-state regime of resonance fluorescence $(T=4\text{K})$ to observe the four ${D}_{1}$-transition lines of alkali atomic cesium $(\mathrm{Cs})$ vapor at room temperature. We tune the frequency of the dressing continuous-wave laser in the vicinity of the bare QD resonance $\ensuremath{\sim}335.116\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{THz}$ $(\ensuremath{\sim}894.592\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$ at constant excitation power and thereby controllably tune the center and side channel frequencies of the probe light, i.e., the Mollow triplet. Resonances between individual QD Mollow triplet lines and the atomic hyperfine-split transitions are clearly identified in the $\mathrm{Cs}$ absorption spectrum. Our results show that narrow-band (In,Ga)As QD resonance fluorescence (RF) is suitable to optically address individual transitions of the ${D}_{1}$ quadruplet without applying magnetic field or electric field tuning.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.90.125310

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We use a laser-driven single (In,Ga)As quantum dot (QD) in the dressed-state regime of resonance fluorescence (T=4K)(T=4\text{K})(T=4K) to observe the four D1{D}_{1}D1​-transition lines of alkali atomic cesium (Cs)(\mathrm{Cs})(Cs) vapor at room temperature. We tune the frequency of the dressing continuous-wave laser in the vicinity of the bare QD resonance \ensuremath∼335.116THz\ensuremath{\sim}335.116\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{THz}\ensuremath∼335.116THz (\ensuremath∼894.592nm)(\ensuremath{\sim}894.592\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})(\ensuremath∼894.592nm) at constant excitation power and thereby controllably tune the center and side channel frequencies of the probe light, i.e., the Mollow triplet. Resonances between individual QD Mollow triplet lines and the atomic hyperfine-split transitions are clearly identified in the Cs\mathrm{Cs}Cs absorption spectrum. Our results show that narrow-band (In,Ga)As QD resonance fluorescence (RF) is suitable to optically address individual transitions of the D1{D}_{1}D1​ quadruplet without applying magnetic field or electric field tuning.
We present both experimental and theoretical investigations of a laser-driven quantum dot (QD) in the dressed-state regime of resonance fluorescence. We explore the role of phonon scattering and pure dephasing on the detuning-dependence of the Mollow triplet and show that the triplet sidebands may spectrally broaden or narrow with increasing detuning. Based on a polaron master equation approach, which includes electron-phonon interaction nonperturbatively, we derive a fully analytical expression for the spectrum. With respect to detuning dependence, we identify a crossover between the regimes of spectral sideband narrowing or broadening. We also predict regimes of phonon-induced squeezing and anti-squeezing of the spectral resonances. A comparison of the theoretical predictions to detailed experimental studies on the laser detuning-dependence of Mollow triplet resonance emission from single In(Ga)As QDs reveals excellent agreement.
Hybrid interfaces between distinct quantum systems play a major role in the implementation of quantum networks. Quantum states have to be stored in memories to synchronize the photon arrival times for entanglement swapping by projective measurements in quantum repeaters or for entanglement purification. Here, we analyze the distortion of a single-photon wave packet propagating through a dispersive and absorptive medium with high spectral resolution. Single photons are generated from a single In(Ga)As quantum dot with its excitonic transition precisely set relative to the Cesium D1 transition. The delay of spectral components of the single-photon wave packet with almost Fourier-limited width is investigated in detail with a 200 MHz narrow-band monolithic Fabry-Pérot resonator. Reflecting the excited state hyperfine structure of Cesium, “slow light” and “fast light” behavior is observed. As a step towards room-temperature alkali vapor memories, quantum dot photons are delayed for 5 ns by strong dispersion between the two 1.17 GHz hyperfine-split excited state transitions. Based on optical pumping on the hyperfine-split ground states, we propose a simple, all-optically controllable delay for synchronization of heralded narrow-band photons in a quantum network.
Abstract Hybrid interfaces between distinct quantum systems play a major role in the implementation of quantum networks. Quantum states have to be stored in memories to synchronize the photon arrival times for entanglement swapping by projective measurements in quantum repeaters or for entanglement purification. Here, we analyze the distortion of a single-photon wave packet propagating through a dispersive and absorptive medium with high spectral resolution. Single photons are generated from a single In(Ga)As quantum dot with its excitonic transition precisely set relative to the Cesium D1 transition. The delay of spectral components of the single-photon wave packet with almost Fourier-limited width is investigated in detail with a 200 MHz narrow-band monolithic Fabry-Pérot resonator. Reflecting the excited state hyperfine structure of Cesium, “slow light” and “fast light” behavior is observed. As a step towards room-temperature alkali vapor memories, quantum dot photons are delayed for 5 ns by strong dispersion between the two 1.17 GHz hyperfine-split excited state transitions. Based on optical pumping on the hyperfine-split ground states, we propose a simple, all-optically controllable delay for synchronization of heralded narrow-band photons in a quantum network.
Hybrid interfaces between distinct quantum systems play a major role in the implementation of quantum networks. Quantum states have to be stored in memories to synchronize the photon arrival times for entanglement swapping by projective measurements in quantum repeaters or for entanglement purification. Here, we analyze the distortion of a single-photon wave packet propagating through a dispersive and absorptive medium with high spectral resolution. Single photons are generated from a single In(Ga)As quantum dot with its excitonic transition precisely set relative to the Cesium D1 transition. The delay of spectral components of the single-photon wave packet with almost Fourier-limited width is investigated in detail with a 200 MHz narrow-band monolithic Fabry-Pérot resonator. Reflecting the excited state hyperfine structure of Cesium, “slow light” and “fast light” behavior is observed. As a step towards room-temperature alkali vapor memories, quantum dot photons are delayed for 5 ns by strong dispersion between the two 1.17 GHz hyperfine-split excited state transitions. Based on optical pumping on the hyperfine-split ground states, we propose a simple, all-optically controllable delay for synchronization of heralded narrow-band photons in a quantum network.
By monitoring the transmission of probe laser beam (also served as coupling laser beam) which is locked to a cycling hyperfine transition of cesium D(2) line, while pumping laser is scanned across cesium D(1) or D(2) lines, the single-resonance optical pumping (SROP) spectra are obtained with atomic vapor cell. The SROP spectra indicate the variation of the zero-velocity atoms population of one hyperfine fold of ground state, which is optically pumped into another hyperfine fold of ground state by pumping laser. With the virtue of Doppler-free linewidth, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), flat background and elimination of crossover resonance lines (CRLs), the SROP spectra with atomic vapor cell around room temperature can be employed to measure dressed-state splitting of ground state, which is normally detected with laser-cooled atomic sample only, even if the dressed-state splitting is much smaller than the Doppler-broaden linewidth at room temperature.
Detailed properties of resonance fluorescence from a single quantum dot in a micropillar cavity are investigated, with particular focus on emission coherence in the dependence on optical driving field power and detuning. A power-dependent series over a wide range reveals characteristic Mollow triplet spectra with large Rabi splittings of |Ω|≤15 GHz. In particular, the effect of dephasing in terms of systematic spectral broadening ∝Ω(2) of the Mollow sidebands is observed as a strong fingerprint of excitation-induced dephasing. Our results are in excellent agreement with predictions of a recently presented model on phonon-dressed quantum dot Mollow triplet emission in the cavity-QED regime.