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arXiv:1401.4673 · Physical Review B

Construction of edge states in fractional quantum Hall systems by Jack polynomials

Ki Hoon Lee, Zi-Xiang Hu, Xin Wan

Published Apr 21, 2014• 22 citations
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Abstract

We study the edge-mode excitations of a fractional quantum Hall droplet by expressing the edge-state wave functions as linear combinations of Jack polynomials with a negative parameter. We show that the exact diagonalization within a subspace of Jack polynomials can be used to generate the chiral edge-mode excitation spectrum in the Laughlin phase and the Moore-Read phase with realistic Coulomb interaction. The truncation technique for the edge excitations simplifies the procedure to reliably extract the edge-mode velocities, which avoids the otherwise complicated analysis of the full spectrum that contains both edge and bulk excitations. Generalization to the Read-Rezayi state is also discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.89.165124

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We study the edge-mode excitations of a fractional quantum Hall droplet by expressing the edge-state wave functions as linear combinations of Jack polynomials with a negative parameter. We show that the exact diagonalization within a subspace of Jack polynomials can be used to generate the chiral edge-mode excitation spectrum in the Laughlin phase and the Moore-Read phase with realistic Coulomb interaction. The truncation technique for the edge excitations simplifies the procedure to reliably extract the edge-mode velocities, which avoids the otherwise complicated analysis of the full spectrum that contains both edge and bulk excitations. Generalization to the Read-Rezayi state is also discussed.
The neutral fermionic edge mode is essential to the non-Abelian topological property and its experimental detection in Zk{Z}_{k}Zk​ fractional quantum Hall (FQH) state for k>1k>1k>1. Usually, the identification of the edge modes in a finite size system is difficult, especially near the region of the edge reconstruction, due to mixing with the bosonic edge mode and the bulk states as well. We study the edge-mode excitations of the Moore-Read (MR) and Read-Rezayi (RR) states by using Jack polynomials in the truncated subspace. It is found that the electron density, as a detector, has marked different behaviors between the bosonic and fermionic edge modes. As an application, it helps us to identify them near the edge reconstruction and in the RR edge spectrum. On the other hand, we systematically study the edge excitations for the RR state, extrapolating the edge velocities and their related coherence length and temperature in the interferometer experiments.
We describe an occupation-number-like picture of fractional quantum Hall states in terms of polynomial wave functions characterized by a dominant occupation-number configuration. The bosonic variants of single-component Abelian and non-Abelian fractional quantum Hall states are modeled by Jack symmetric polynomials (Jacks), characterized by dominant occupation-number configurations satisfying a generalized Pauli principle. In a series of well-known quantum Hall states, including the Laughlin, Read-Moore, and Read-Rezayi, the Jack polynomials naturally implement a "squeezing rule" that constrains allowed configurations to be restricted to those obtained by squeezing the dominant configuration. The Jacks presented in this Letter describe new trial uniform states, but it is yet to be determined to which actual experimental fractional quantum Hall effect states they apply.
Model wavefunctions are essential for studying fractional quantum Hall (FQH) phases. They reveal the intricate connections between model FQH states, conformal field theory, Jack polynomials, and pseudopotential Hamiltonians. However, most model wavefunctions studied so far are in the continuum. In this work, we construct model wavefunctions and the corresponding exact parent Hamiltonians for the entire ZkZ_kZk​ Read--Rezayi series on a lattice. Our model wavefunctions obey a generalized clustering rule implemented on the lattice, which we find is encoded in the Macdonald polynomials providing a unified algebraic description of our lattice-specific model states. This ensures that the model states are exact zero-energy ground states of local density interactions and exhibit an infinitely large gap in the particle entanglement spectrum. Numerical studies of the Laughlin and Moore--Read series find the expected zero-mode and one-flux quasihole counting and positive energy gaps at the system sizes studied, and the available finite-size scaling suggests nonzero thermodynamic gaps. Tuning the model interaction range can drive a phase transition out of the FQH phase. Our work not only advances the theoretical understanding of the underlying mathematical structure of lattice model FQH states but also is potentially useful for designing exotic many-body phases in engineered quantum platforms.
We have performed an exact diagonalization study of up to N=12N=12N=12 interacting electrons on a disk at filling $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{1}{3}$ for both true Coulomb interaction, and the V1{V}_{1}V1​ Haldane short-range interaction for which Laughlin wave function is the exact solution. For the Coulomb interaction and N> 10N>~10N> 10 we find persistent radial oscillations in electron density, which are not captured by the Laughlin wave function. Our results strongly suggest formation of a chiral striped phase at the edge of the fractional quantum Hall systems. The amplitude of the charge density oscillations decays slowly, only as a power law with the distance from the edge. Thus the spectrum of edge excitations is likely to be affected.
We analyze the inner products of edge state wave functions in the fractional quantum Hall effect, specifically for the Laughlin and Moore-Read states. We use an effective description for these inner products given by a large-NNN expansion ansatz proposed in a recent work by J. Dubail, N. Read, and E. Rezayi [Phys. Rev. B 86, 245310 (2012)]. As noted by these authors, the terms in this ansatz can be constrained using symmetry, a procedure we perform to high orders. We then check this conjecture by calculating the overlaps exactly for small system sizes and compare the numerics with our high-order expansion. We find the effective description to be very accurate.