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arXiv:1401.1756 · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Quantum Spread Spectrum Multiple Access

Juan Carlos García-Escartín, Pedro Chamorro‐Posada

Published Sep 25, 2014• 10 citations
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Abstract

We describe a quantum multiple access scheme that can take separate single photon channels and combine them in the same path. We propose an add-drop multiplexer that can insert or extract a single photon into an optical fiber carrying the qubits of all the other users. The system follows the principle of code division multiple access, a spread spectrum technique widely used in cellular networks.

DOI
10.1109/jstqe.2014.2360366

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We describe a quantum multiple access scheme that can take separate single photon channels and combine them in the same path. We propose an add-drop multiplexer that can insert or extract a single photon into an optical fiber carrying the qubits of all the other users. The system follows the principle of code division multiple access, a spread spectrum technique widely used in cellular networks.
In communication networks many different channels must share a limited amount of resources. In order to allow for multiple simultaneous communications, multiple access techniques are routinely employed. With quantum communication, it is possible to share a new kind of resource. All of the system channels can be accommodated into a single channel in a larger Hilbert space. In the scheme, a single line combines the information of all the users, and, at the receiver, the original quantum channels are recovered. The given multiplexer/demultiplexer circuit can perform this n qubits to qudit transformation. Connections with superdense coding and classical multiple access schemes are discussed.
This paper presents an in-depth exploration of Quantum Spread Spectrum Code Division Multiple Access (QSSCDMA) communication systems. By manipulating the shape of quantum photon wavepackets and utilizing high-speed electro-optical modulators, we demonstrate the potential for spread spectrum encoding of quantum states of light for CDMA communication systems. This work builds on the classical spread spectrum technology’s strengths—namely, its robust interference management and low probability of intercept—by broadening the spectrum of transmitted signals through quantum mechanical principles. We rigorously characterize the mathematical framework underpinning quantum spread spectrum techniques, offering a comprehensive theoretical analysis and demonstrating the viability of QSS-CDMA systems. Our findings establish a foundation for future research and development in quantum communication systems, paving the way for advanced multi-user quantum networks.
In this paper, we propose a novel quantum multiple access technique based on optical coherent states. The information of several coherent state optical qubits is combined into a single qudit, which is the superposition of almost orthogonal coherent states. The original information is encoded into a new Hilbert space with the help of a quantum multiplexer (QMUX) and then recovered at the other end with a quantum demultiplexer (QDEMUX). We introduce the optical tools that complete the coherence state quantum computation model and give the desired circuits. The proposed system can admit a number of users above the optimal limit at the cost of a degradation of the transmitted data. In this and some other aspects, it can be regarded as a quantum analogue of classical Code Division Multiple Access techniques. 1
Spread-spectrum techniques are widely used in radio communication and telecommunication. Any signal like acoustic, electrical, and electromagnetic signal produced with a specific bandwidth is spread in frequency hence results in a wider bandwidth. Spread spectrum techniques are deployed in telecommunication because of many significant advantages, e.g., to achieve secure communications, to detect the eavesdropping, to resist natural interference, to bound power flux density for satellite down links and resistance to noise and jamming. In spread spectrum technique, frequency hopping (FH) is used as a basic modulation technique by which any telecommunication signal can be transmitted on a wider bandwidth (radio bandwidth) as compared to frequency value of the original signal. Spread spectrum techniques deploy FH, direct sequence (DS), or mix of both methods so that it can be used for multiple access and reduces the interference to other receivers to get the overall privacy. At the receiver side, the received signals are correlated to extract the original information being sent. The two main motivation behind spread spectrum are: to create anti-jamming for unauthenticated person and to provide low probability of interception. The classical data transmission can also be achieved by using quantum communication protocols like dense coding, quantum key distribution (QKD), and quantum teleportation. Most of these protocols use quantum states of light to transmit the information through optical fibers. The problem of channel access become apparent when number of users increases. In classical communication networks, when many users want to use the same channel at the same time, many multiple access methods are used. On the other side, quantum communication networks also deploy frequency and wavelength division multiple access techniques, hence each user make use of same channel at different frequencies and different time instance. In addition to this, many multiple access techniques employ orbital angular momentum of single photons and coherent states. Quantum spread spectrum multiple access scheme described here for optical fibers could be used for free-space data transmission. In this scheme, multiple users send their photons via same optical fiber, sharing their path, time window, and frequency band. A number of techniques have been proposed previously for data transmission for quantum optical communication which provides heavy losses while combining and separating the transmitted data from different users. The described scheme is developed to follow classical spread spectrum methods, and also follows add-drop architecture with simple extraction and combination points.
In this paper, we propose a novel quantum multiple access technique based on optical coherent states. The information of several coherent state optical qubits is combined into a single qudit, which is the superposition of almost orthogonal coherent states. The original information is encoded into a new Hilbert space with the help of a quantum multiplexer (QMUX) and then recovered at the other end with a quantum demultiplexer (QDEMUX). We introduce the optical tools that complete the coherence state quantum computation model and give the desired circuits. The proposed system can admit a number of users above the optimal limit at the cost of a degradation of the transmitted data. In this and some other aspects, it can be regarded as a quantum analogue of classical Code Division Multiple Access techniques.
In this paper, we propose a novel quantum multiple access technique based on optical coherent states. The information of several coherent state optical qubits is combined into a single qudit, which is the superposition of almost orthogonal coherent states. The original information is encoded into a new Hilbert space with the help of a quantum multiplexer (QMUX) and then recovered at the other end with a quantum demultiplexer (QDEMUX). We introduce the optical tools that complete the coherence state quantum computation model and give the desired circuits. The proposed system can admit a number of users above the optimal limit at the cost of a degradation of the transmitted data. In this and some other aspects, it can be regarded as a quantum analogue of classical Code Division Multiple Access techniques.