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arXiv:1312.6640 · Physical Review A

Effect of a large number of parties on the monogamy of quantum correlations

Asutosh Kumar, R. Prabhu, Aditi Sen, Ujjwal Sen

Published Jan 30, 2015• 32 citations
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Abstract

Monogamy is a nonclassical property that restricts the sharability of quantum correlation among the constituents of a multipartite quantum system. Quantum correlations may satisfy or violate monogamy for quantum states, which was tested mainly for three-qubit states. Here we establish a sufficient condition for monogamy of arbitrary quantum correlation measures of states of an arbitrary number of parties, using which and further numerical results, we obtain evidence for monogamy of measures such as distillable entanglement and relative entropy of entanglement, which are physically important but mathematically intractable, for almost all quantum states of a moderate number of parties. The result is generic and holds for a large class of quantum correlation measures. Nonetheless, we identify important zero Haar measure classes of pure states that remain nonmonogamous with respect to quantum discord and quantum work deficit, irrespective of the number of qubits.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.91.012341

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Monogamy is a nonclassical property that restricts the sharability of quantum correlation among the constituents of a multipartite quantum system. Quantum correlations may satisfy or violate monogamy for quantum states, which was tested mainly for three-qubit states. Here we establish a sufficient condition for monogamy of arbitrary quantum correlation measures of states of an arbitrary number of parties, using which and further numerical results, we obtain evidence for monogamy of measures such as distillable entanglement and relative entropy of entanglement, which are physically important but mathematically intractable, for almost all quantum states of a moderate number of parties. The result is generic and holds for a large class of quantum correlation measures. Nonetheless, we identify important zero Haar measure classes of pure states that remain nonmonogamous with respect to quantum discord and quantum work deficit, irrespective of the number of qubits.
The limitation on the shareability of quantum entanglement over several parties, the so-called monogamy of entanglement, is an issue that has received considerable attention from the quantum information community over the last decade. A natural question of interest in this connection is whether monogamy of correlations is true for correlations other than entanglement. This issue is examined here by choosing quantum deficit, proposed by A. K. Rajagopal and R. W. Rendell [Phys. Rev. A 66, 022104 (2002)], an operational measure of correlations. In addition to establishing the polygamous nature of the class of three-qubit symmetric pure states characterized by two distinct Majorana spinors (to which the WWW states belong), those with three distinct Majorana spinors [to which Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states belong] are shown to either obey or violate monogamy relations. While the generalized WWW states can be monogamous or polygamous, the generalized GHZ states exhibit monogamy with respect to quantum deficit. The issue of using monogamy conditions based on quantum deficit to witness the states belonging to stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC) inequivalent classes is discussed in light of these results.
The monogamy relation for quantum correlations is not satisfied by all measures for all multiparty quantum states. We prove that an arbitrary quantum state which is nonmonogamous for negativity will become monogamous if a finite number of copies of the same state is provided. We refer to this as activation of nonmonogamous states. We also show that multiple copies of a state satisfy monogamy for negativity if it does so for a single copy. The results are true for all quantum states of an arbitrary number of parties. Moreover, we find that for a three-qubit pure state, we can find another state such that they individually violate the monogamy relation for negativity and when taken together they can satisfy the three-party monogamy relation. This holds for all three-qubit pure states except 11%1 states from the W class, while it is true for all three-qubit pure states when a four-party monogamy relation is used to check for their activation. We connect monogamy of negativity with genuine multipartite entanglement.
Quantum entanglement and quantum nonlocality are known to exhibit monogamy; that is, they obey strong constraints on how they can be distributed among multipartite systems. Quantum correlations that comprise and go beyond entanglement are quantified by, e.g., quantum discord. It was observed recently that for some states quantum discord is not monogamous. We prove, in general, that any measure of correlations that is monogamous for all states and satisfies reasonable basic properties must vanish for all separable states: only entanglement measures can be strictly monogamous. Monogamy of other than entanglement measures can still be satisfied for special, restricted cases: we prove that the geometric measure of discord satisfies the monogamy inequality on all pure states of three qubits.
In multiparty quantum systems, the monogamy inequality proposes an upper bound on the distribution of bipartite quantum correlation between a single party and each of the remaining parties in the system, in terms of the amount of quantum correlation shared by that party with the rest of the system taken as a whole. However, it is well known that not all quantum correlation measures universally satisfy the monogamy inequality. In this work, we aim at determining the nontrivial value by which the monogamy inequality can be violated by a quantum correlation measure. Using an information-theoretic complementarity relation between the normalized purity and quantum correlation in any given multiparty state, we obtain a nontrivial lower bound on the negative monogamy score for the quantum correlation measure. In particular, for the three-qubit states the lower bound is equal to the negative von Neumann entropy of the single qubit reduced density matrix. We analytically examine the tightness of the derived lower bound for certain nnn-qubit quantum states. Further, we report numerical results of the same for monogamy violating correlation measures using Haar uniformly generated three-qubit states.
In this paper, we obtain the pairwise quantum discord for a three-qubit W-class state, and investigate the monogamy property of quantum discord by two different ways (relative entropy-based distance and geometric square-norm distance). Through numerical calculations, we find that a party cannot have maximal quantum correlations with the other two parties simultaneously. For the given state, the quantum correlation between particles 1 and 3 induces limitation on the quantum correlation between them and particle 2. Moreover, the result also shows that the geometric quantum discord of the given W-class state obeys the monogamy property while the entropy quantum discord violates.
In contrast with entanglement, as measured by concurrence, in general, quantum discord does not possess the property of monogamy; that is, there is no tradeoff between the quantum discord shared by a pair of subsystems and the quantum discord that both of them can share with a third party. Here, we show that, as far as monogamy is considered, quantum discord of pure states is equivalent to the entanglement of formation. This result allows one to analytically prove that none of the pure three-qubit states belonging to the subclass of WWW states is monogamous. A suitable physical interpretation of the meaning of the correlation information as a quantifier of monogamy for the total information is also given. Finally, we prove that, for rank 2 two-qubit states, discord and classical correlations are bounded from above by single-qubit von Neumann entropies.