We show that there exist two types of universal phenomena for three-boson systems with isospin degrees of freedom. In the isospin symmetric limit, there is only one universal three-boson bound state with the total isospin one, whose binding energy is proportional to that of the two-boson bound state. With large isospin symmetry breaking, the standard Efimov states of three identical bosons appear at low energies. Both phenomena can be realized by three pions with the pion mass appropriately tuned in lattice QCD simulations, or by spin-one bosons in cold atom experiments. Implication to the in-medium softening of multi-pion states is also discussed.
We show that there exist two types of universal phenomena for three-boson systems with isospin degrees of freedom. In the isospin symmetric limit, there is only one universal three-boson bound state with the total isospin one, whose binding energy is proportional to that of the two-boson bound state. With large isospin symmetry breaking, the standard Efimov states of three identical bosons appear at low energies. Both phenomena can be realized by three pions with the pion mass appropriately tuned in lattice QCD simulations, or by spin-one bosons in cold atom experiments. Implication to the in-medium softening of multi-pion states is also discussed.
The equal mass three-fermion system having 1/2 spin-isospin symmetry is study around the unitary limit. The two body system has two different scattering lengths, a 0 and a 1 , corresponding to the spin singlet state S = 0 and the spin triplet state S = 1, respectively. The unitary limit is defined when the two quantities a 0 , a 1 → ∞ . The three-nucleon system is located very close to this limit, the singlet and triplet n − p scattering lengths are large with respect to the range of the nuclear interaction. The ratio of the two is about a 0 / a 1 ≈ −4.31. This value defines a plane in which a 0 and a 1 can be varied. Using a nucleon-nucleon spin dependent potential with variable strength it is possible to study the behavior of the three-nucleon binding energy along that plane. This analysis can be considered an extension of the Efimov plot for three bosons to the case of three 1/2-spin-isospin fermions.
\nWe discuss weakly bound states of a few-fermion system having spin-isospin symmetry. This corresponds to the nuclear physics case in which the singlet, a0, and triplet, a1, n − p scattering lengths are large with respect to the range of the nuclear interaction. The ratio of the two is about a0/a1 ≈ −4.31. This value defines a plane in which a0 and a1 can be varied up to the unitary limit, 1/a0 = 0 and 1/a1 = 0, maintaining its ratio fixed. Using a spin dependant potential model we estimate the three-nucleon binding energy along that plane. This analysis can be considered an extension of the Efimov plot for three bosons to the case of three 1/2-spin-isospin fermions.\n
We investigate the s-wave three-body system of two neutrons and one flavored meson with total spin-isospin J=0,I=3/2. The meson-neutron scattering length can become infinitely large in an unphysical region of the quark mass when extrapolated from strangeness to charm in the so-called zero coupling limit. Using a low-energy cluster effective field theory, we demonstrate that the Efimov effect is manifest in the three-body system when the meson-neutron scattering length is extrapolated to the unitary limit of the two-body interaction. We thereby discuss the consequence of universal physics in the physical K−nn and D0nn systems.
We discuss weakly bound states of a few-fermion system having spin-isospin symmetry. This corresponds to the nuclear physics case in which the singlet, a0, and triplet, a1, n − p scattering lengths are large with respect to the range of the nuclear interaction. The ratio of the two is about a0/a1 ≈ −4.31. This value defines a plane in which a0 and a1 can be varied up to the unitary limit, 1/a0 = 0 and 1/a1 = 0, maintaining its ratio fixed. Using a spin dependant potential model we estimate the three-nucleon binding energy along that plane. This analysis can be considered an extension of the Efimov plot for three bosons to the case of three 1/2-spin-isospin fermions.
We investigate the s-wave three-body system of two neutrons and one flavored meson with total spin-isospin J=0,I=3/2. The meson-neutron scattering length can become infinitely large when extrapolated to an unphysical region of the quark mass between strangeness and charm in the so-called zero coupling limit. Using a low-energy cluster effective field theory, we demonstrate that the Efimov effect is formally manifest in the three-body system when the meson-neutron scattering length approaches the unitary limit of the two-body interaction. We thereby discuss the consequence of remnant universal physics in the physical ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}nn$ and D0nn systems.
The Efimov effect was first predicted for three particles interacting at an s-wave resonance in three dimensions. A subsequent study showed that the same effect can be realized by considering two-body and three-body interactions in mixed dimensions. In this work, we consider the three-body problem of two bosonic A atoms interacting with another single B atom in mixed dimensions: The A atoms are confined in a space of dimension dA and the B atom in a space of dimension dB, and there is an interspecies s-wave interaction in a dint-codimensional space accessible to both species. We find that when the s-wave interaction is tuned on resonance, there emerge an infinite series of universal three-body bound states for dA,dB,dint=2,2,0 and 2,3,1. Going beyond the Efimov paradigm, the binding energies of these states follow the scaling $ln|{E}_{n}{|\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{-}s(n\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\theta})}^{2}/4$, with the scaling factor s being unity for the former case and mB(2mA+mB)/(mA+mB) for the latter. We discuss the possibility of realizing our mixed-dimensional systems in a cold-atom experiment and how the effects of these universal three-body bound states may be detected.