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arXiv:1311.4059 · Physical Review A

Measurement of the 5D -level polarizability in laser-cooled Rb atoms

Stepan Snigirev, Artem A. Golovizin, Dmitry O. Tregubov, Sergey Pyatchenkov, Денис Дмитриевич Сукачев, Alexey V. Akimov, В. Н. Сорокин, N. Kolachevsky

Published Jan 22, 2014• 11 citations

Abstract

We report on accurate measurements of the scalar ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{S}$ and tensor ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{T}$ polarizabilities of the $5D$ fine structure levels $5{D}_{3/2}$ and $5{D}_{5/2}$ in Rb. The measured values (in atomic units) ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{S}({5D}_{3/2})=18\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}400(75)$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{T}({5D}_{3/2})=\ensuremath{-}750(30)$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{S}({5D}_{5/2})=18\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}600(76)$ and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{T}({5D}_{5/2})=\ensuremath{-}1440(60)$ show reasonable correspondence to previously published theoretical predictions, but are more accurate. We implemented laser excitation of the $5D$ level in a laser-cooled cloud of optically polarized Rb-87 atoms placed in a constant electric field.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.89.012510

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We report on accurate measurements of the scalar

{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{S}

and tensor

{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{T}

polarizabilities of the

5D

fine structure levels

5{D}_{3/2}

and

5{D}_{5/2}

in Rb. The measured values (in atomic units)

{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{S}({5D}_{3/2})=18\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}400(75)

,

{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{T}({5D}_{3/2})=\ensuremath{-}750(30)

,

{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{S}({5D}_{5/2})=18\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}600(76)

and

{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{T}({5D}_{5/2})=\ensuremath{-}1440(60)

show reasonable correspondence to previously published theoretical predictions, but are more accurate. We implemented laser excitation of the

5D

level in a laser-cooled cloud of optically polarized Rb-87 atoms placed in a constant electric field.

We report a study of fine-structure mixing $\mathrm{Rb}(5{}^{2}{D}_{5/2})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Rb}(5{}^{2}{D}_{3/2})$ in collisions with ground-state Rb atoms. In the experiment, two-photon cw laser excitation was applied to the Rb vapor cell. The measured cross section for the process was $(5.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.9)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}.$ Theoretical calculations using nonadiabatic collision theory gave a value of $3.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}.$

We use double-resonant two-photon laser spectroscopy to measure the dynamic scalar polarizability of the rubidium

5{D}_{3/2}

level, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{5{D}_{3/2}}^{S}$, at a wavelength of $\ensuremath{\lambda}=1064$ nm. Since $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is shorter than the photoionization (PI) limit of the Rb

5{D}_{3/2}

level, this state undergoes significant broadening due to PI. The 1064-nm field is applied in the form of a deep optical lattice ($\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{5}$ photon recoils) generated by an in-vacuum field-enhancement cavity. In our spectroscopic method, we use known dynamic polarizabilities to eliminate the need to measure the light intensity. Our method yields, in atomic units, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{5{D}_{3/2}}^{S}=\ensuremath{-}524(17)$, in agreement with estimates. Additionally, we extract the

5{D}_{3/2}

photoionization cross section $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ at 1064 nm from spectral linewidths; we find $\ensuremath{\sigma}=44(1)$ Mb.

We employ doubly resonant two-photon excitation into the

74S

Rydberg state to spectroscopically measure the dynamic scalar polarizability, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$, and tensor polarizability, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}$, of rubidium

5{P}_{3/2}

. A cavity-generated 1064-nm optical lattice allows us to reach intensities near $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$, where the atom field is larger than the hyperfine interaction, and magnetic sublevels are well resolved. In the evaluation of the data we use a self-referencing method that renders the polarizability measurement largely free from the intensity calibration of the laser light field. We obtain experimental values ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}=\ensuremath{-}1149(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5%)$ and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}=563(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4.2%)$, in atomic units. Methods and results are supported by simulations. The results provide an experimental test of atomic-structure calculations used to determine systematic shifts in atomic clocks and to interpret fundamental-physics experiments.

The Stark effect of the 5 s 2 S 1/2 –5 p 2 P 3/2 transition ( D 2 line) of Rb has been studied by high-resolution atomic-beam laser spectroscopy. The splittings of magnetic sublevels of 5 p 2 P 3/2 have been resolved, and the Stark shifts and splittings of the D 2 line have been measured at various electric fields. The scalar polarizability of the D 2 line and the tensor polarizability of the 5 p 2 P 3/2 level have been determined to be α s (5 p 2 P 3/2 ) - α s (5 s 2 S 1/2 ) = 136.95(89) kHz/(kV/cm) 2 and α t (5 p 2 P 3/2 ) = -40.91(38) kHz/(kV/cm) 2 , respectively, by considering the mixing between hyperfine structure levels of 5 p 2 P 3/2 . The precision of α t (5 p 2 P 3/2 ) has been improved by a factor of 2 compared with the previously reported values.