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arXiv:1311.2778 · Physical Review A

Stationary entanglement of photons and atoms in a high-finesse resonator

Hessam Habibian, Stefano Zippilli, Fabrizio Illuminati, Giovanna Morigi

Published Feb 19, 2014• 5 citations
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Abstract

We predict that the collective excitations of an atomic array become entangled with the light of a high-finesse cavity mode when they are suitably coupled. This entanglement is of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type, is robust against cavity losses, and is a stationary property of the coupled system. It is generated when the atomic array is aligned along the cavity axis and driven transversally by a laser, when coherent scattering of photons into the cavity mode is suppressed because of phase mismatching. We identify the parameter regimes under which entanglement is found and show that these are compatible with existing experimental setups.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.89.023832

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We predict that the collective excitations of an atomic array become entangled with the light of a high-finesse cavity mode when they are suitably coupled. This entanglement is of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type, is robust against cavity losses, and is a stationary property of the coupled system. It is generated when the atomic array is aligned along the cavity axis and driven transversally by a laser, when coherent scattering of photons into the cavity mode is suppressed because of phase mismatching. We identify the parameter regimes under which entanglement is found and show that these are compatible with existing experimental setups.
Light scattering by a periodic atomic array is studied when the atoms couple with the mode of a high-finesse optical resonator and are driven by a laser. When the von-Laue condition is not satisfied, there is no coherent emission into the cavity mode, and the latter is pumped via inelastic scattering processes. We consider this situation and identify conditions for which different nonlinear optical processes can occur. We show that these processes can be controlled by suitably tuning the strength of laser and cavity coupling, the angle between laser and cavity axis, and the array periodicity. We characterize the coherence properties of the light when the system can either operate as degenerate parametric amplifier or as a source of antibunched light. Our study permits us to identify the individual multiphoton components of the nonlinear optical response of the atomic array and the corresponding parameter regimes, thereby in principle allowing one to control the nonlinear optical response of the medium.
We propose a scheme for generation of the stationary continuous-variable entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering between an optical cavity mode and a nanomechanical resonator (NMR) mode. The cavity and the NMR are commonly coupled with two separated quantum dots (QDs), where the two QDs are driven simultaneously by a strong laser field. By adjusting the frequency of the strong laser field, the two QDs are nearly trapped on different dressed states, which is helpful to generate the entanglement between the cavity mode and the NMR mode. Due to the combined resonant interaction of the two QDs with the NMR-cavity subsystem, the photon and the phonon created and (or) annihilated are correlated. In this regime, the optimal entanglement of the two modes is obtained and the purity of the state of the NMR-cavity subsystem is near to 1. Furthermore, the coupling strength between the cavity and two QDs is different from the dot-NMR coupling strength, which leads to the different mean occupation numbers of the cavity and the NMR. In this case, one-way EPR steering is observed. In addition, through analyzing the purity, we find the conditions of the existence for the different types of EPR steering.
We show that a single, trapped, laser-driven atom in a high-finesse optical cavity allows for the quantum-coherent generation of entangled light pulses on demand. We report the detailed description of schemes for generating simultaneous and temporally separated pulse pairs, presented in [G. Morigi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, 023601 (2006)]. The mechanical effect of the laser excitation on the quantum motion of the cold trapped atom mediates the entangling interaction between two cavity modes and between the two subsequent pulses, respectively. The entanglement is of EPR-type, and its degree can be controlled through external parameters. At the end of the generation process the atom is decorrelated from the light field. Possible experimental implementations of the proposals are discussed.
The controlled interaction between a single, trapped, laser-driven atom and the mode of a high-finesse optical cavity allows for the generation of temporally separated, entangled light pulses. Entanglement between the photon-number fluctuations of the pulses is created and mediated via the atomic center-of-mass motion, which is interfaced with light through the mechanical effect of atom–photon interaction. By means of a quantum noise analysis we determine the correlation matrix which characterizes the entanglement as a function of the system parameters. The scheme is feasible in experimentally accessible parameter regimes. It may be easily extended to the generation of entangled pulses at different frequencies, even at vastly different wavelengths.
We study the quantum dynamics of an array of coherently driven two-level atoms coupled to an optical resonator. In the strong coupling regime the cavity field generated by atomic scattering interferes destructively with the pump on the atoms. In this configuration atomic excitation is suppressed even for strong driving fields, while the stationary intracavity field amplitude is almost independent of the atom number. The magnitude of this interference effect depends on the detuning between laser and cavity field and on the relative atomic positions and is strongest when the atoms are ordered in a wavelength spaced lattice placed at the antinodes of the cavity mode. In this case three dimensional intensity minima are created in the vicinity of each atom. We analyze the mechanical forces in the regime where the interference condition is fulfilled, and show that the atomic pattern is mechanically stable whenever the driving frequency is red detuned with respect to the cavity frequency, irrespective of the atomic transition frequency