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arXiv:1310.6300 · Chinese Physics B

Quantum nonlocality of generic family of four-qubit entangled pure states

Dong Ding, Ying-Qiu He, Fengli Yan, Ting Gao

Published Jun 25, 2015• 8 citations
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Abstract

We directly introduce a Bell-type inequality for four-qubit systems. Using the inequality we investigate quantum nonlocality of a generic family of states | G abcd 〉 [ Phys. Rev. A 65 052112 (2002)] and several canonical four-qubit entangled states. It has been demonstrated that the inequality is maximally violated by the so called “four-qubit the maximally entangled state | G m 〉” and it is also violated by four-qubit W state and a special family of states | G ab 00 〉. Moreover, a useful entanglement-nonlocality relationship for the family of states | G ab 00 〉 is derived. Finally, we present a scheme of preparation of the state | G m 〉 with linear optics and cross-Kerr nonlinearities.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/24/7/070301

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We directly introduce a Bell-type inequality for four-qubit systems. Using the inequality we investigate quantum nonlocality of a generic family of states | G abcd 〉 [ Phys. Rev. A 65 052112 (2002)] and several canonical four-qubit entangled states. It has been demonstrated that the inequality is maximally violated by the so called “four-qubit the maximally entangled state | G m 〉” and it is also violated by four-qubit W state and a special family of states | G ab 00 〉. Moreover, a useful entanglement-nonlocality relationship for the family of states | G ab 00 〉 is derived. Finally, we present a scheme of preparation of the state | G m 〉 with linear optics and cross-Kerr nonlinearities.
We directly introduce a Bell-type inequality for systems. Using the inequality we investigate quantum nonlocality of a generic family of states |Gabcd>[Phys. Rev. A 65 052112(2002)] and several canonical entangled states. It has been demonstrated that the inequality is maximally violated by the so called four-qubit the maximally entangled state |Gm> and it is also violated by W state and a special family of states |Gab00>. Moreover, a useful entanglement-nonlocality relationship for the family of states |Gab00>is derived. Finally, we present a scheme of preparation of the state |Gm>with linear optics and cross-Kerr nonlinearities.
We investigate genuine multiqubit nonlocality in families of entangled 3- and 4-qubit pure states by analyzing a Bell-type inequality that is violated only if all qubits are nonlocally correlated. We present detailed numerical studies of the relationship between entanglement and violation of the Svetlichny Bell-type inequality in an experimentally accessible set of 3-qubit pure states, and identify the special nonlocality property of the maximal slice states in the space of all 3-qubit pure states. We also analyze nonlocal correlations in 3-qubit generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states and extend our analysis to the case of 4-qubit generalized GHZ states. We show that like the 3-qubit case, some 4-qubit generalized GHZ states do not violate a Bell inequality that tests for genuine 4-qubit nonlocality. Furthermore, the location of the boundary between the states that do violate the inequality and those that do not is the same for the 3- and 4-qubit generalized GHZ states.
We derive a Bell inequality for testing violation of local realism. Quantum nonlocality of several four-qubit states is investigated. These include the Greenberger-Zeilinger-Horne (GHZ) state, WWW state, linear cluster state, and the state $\ensuremath{\mid}\ensuremath{\chi}⟩$ that has recently been proposed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 060502 (2006)]. The Bell inequality is optimally violated by $\ensuremath{\mid}\ensuremath{\chi}⟩$ but not violated by the GHZ state. The linear cluster state also violates the Bell inequality though not optimally. The state $\ensuremath{\mid}\ensuremath{\chi}⟩$ can thus be discriminated from the linear cluster state by using the inequality. Different aspects of four-partite entanglement are also studied by considering the usefulness of a family of four-qubit mixed states as resources for two-qubit teleportation. Our results generalize those in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 797 (1994)].
Bell inequalities were formulated by John Bell to test the possible violation of local realistic theories by quantum mechanical systems. It was shown that entangled quantu-m states of multiple particles violate various Bell’s inequalities. This proved that quan-tum mechanics allows correlations between spatially separated systems that have no classical analogue. The main focus of this work is to investigate genuine multiqubit non-locality in families of entangled 3 and 4-qubit pure states by studying a Bell-type inequality that is violated only if all qubits are non-locally correlated. We numerically study the relationship between entanglement and violation of the Svetlichny Bell-type inequality. We analyze non-local correlations in 3-qubit generalized Greenberger-Hor-ne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, maximal slice (MS) states, and W states. Our studies show that the correlations exhibited by three particles cannot in general be described by hid-den variable theories with at most two-particle non-locality. However, some 3-qubit entangled states do not violate the Svetlichny’s inequality. We then extend our analysis to 4-qubit generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, maximal slice (MS) states, and W states. The results are similar to the 3-qubit case for GHZ and MS states. The range of parameters for which we see a violation is the same for the 3 and 4-qubit GHZ states. However, the 4-qubit W states do not violate Bell-type inequality, unlike the 3-qubit W states. Our results show the complex nature of multiqubit entang-lement and non-locality and provide tools for designing useful quantum communica-tion tasks.
Nonlocality and quantum entanglement constitute two special aspects of the quantum correlations existing in quantum systems, which are of paramount importance in quantum-information theory. Traditionally, they have been regarded as identical (equivalent, in fact, for pure two qubit states, that is, Gisin's Theorem ), yet they constitute different resources. Describing nonlocality by means of the violation of several Bell inequalities, we obtain by direct optimization those states of two qubits that maximally violate a Bell inequality, in terms of their degree of mixture as measured by either their participation ratio R = 1/Tr(ρ 2 ) or their maximum eigenvalue λ max . This optimum value is obtained as well, which coincides with previous results. Comparison with entanglement is performed too. An example of an application is given in the XY model. In this novel approximation, we also concentrate on the nonlocality for linear combinations of pure states of two qubits, providing a closed form for their maximal nonlocality measure. The case of Bell diagonal mixed states of two qubits is also extensively studied. Special attention concerning the connection between nonlocality and entanglement for mixed states of two qubits is paid to the so-called maximally entangled mixed states. Additional aspects for the case of two qubits are also described in detail. Since we deal with qubit systems, we will perform an analogous study for three qubits, employing similar tools. Relation between distillability and nonlocality is explored quantitatively for the whole space of states of three qubits. We finally extend our analysis to four-qubit systems, where nonlocality for generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states of arbitrary number of parties is computed.
Entangled states of multiple qubits can violate Bell-type inequalities indicating nonlocal behavior of multiqubit quantum correlations. We analyze the relation between multipartite entanglement and genuine multipartite nonlocality, characterized by Svetlichny inequality violations, for two families of N − qubit states. We show that for the generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger family of states, Svetlichny inequality is not violated when the n − tangle is less than 1 / 2 for any even number of qubits. On the other hand, the maximal slice states always violate the Svetlichny inequality when n − tangle is nonzero, and the violation increases monotonically with tangle. Our work generalizes the relations between tangle and Svetlichny inequality violations previously derived for three qubits.