Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1310.2427 · Physical Review A

Quantum state reconstruction of spectral field modes: Homodyne and resonator detection schemes

F. A. S. Barbosa, A. S. Coelho, K. N. Cassemiro, P. Nussenzveig, Claude Fabre, Alessandro S. Villar, M. Martinelli

Published Nov 14, 2013• 45 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We revisit the problem of quantum state reconstruction of light beams from the photocurrent quantum noise. As is well known, but often overlooked, two longitudinal field modes contribute to each spectral component of the photocurrent (sideband modes). We show that spectral homodyne detection is intrinsically incapable of providing all the information needed for the full reconstruction of the two-mode spectral quantum state. Such a limitation is overcome by the technique of resonator detection. A detailed theoretical description and comparison of both methods is presented, as well as an experiment to measure the six-mode quantum state of pump-signal-idler beams of an optical parametric oscillator above the oscillation threshold.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.052113

Related papers

Assumption-free measurement of the quantum state of light: Exploring the sidebands of intense fields

F. A. S. Barbosa, A. S. Coelho, K. N. Cassemiro +3 more

The quantum noise in photocurrent fluctuations usually gives incomplete information about the quantum state of spectral sideband modes of bright light beams involved in the detection. Each frequency component of the noise spectrum corresponds to two sideband modes symmetrically located around the bright optical field. In the case of the usual homodyne detection, it limits the ability to recover discriminated information of each mode involved. We theoretically show that complete reconstruction of the two-mode quantum state can be obtained by using phase-locked (coherent) resonator detection, even for non-Gaussian states. We experimentally demonstrate the technique by measuring a two-mode displaced coherent state.

Physical Review A•Dec 7, 2020•9 citations

Beyond Spectral Homodyne Detection: Complete Quantum Measurement of Spectral Modes of Light

F. A. S. Barbosa, A. S. Coelho, K. N. Cassemiro +4 more

Spectral homodyne detection, a widely used technique for measuring quantum properties of light beams, cannot retrieve all the information needed to reconstruct the quantum state of spectral field modes. We show that full quantum state reconstruction can be achieved with the alternative measurement technique of resonator detection. We experimentally demonstrate this difference by engineering a quantum state with features that go undetected by homodyne detection but are clearly revealed by resonator detection.

arXiv:1308.5650•Physical Review Letters•Nov 14, 2013•42 citations

Spectral homodyne detection, resonator detection, and entanglement in the above-threshold OPO

F. A. S. Barbosa, A. S. Coelho, K. N. Cassemiro +4 more

In the spectral domain, the quantum state of the three beams emitted by an above-threshold optical parametric oscillator encompasses six modes. We use resonator detection to characterize hexapartite entanglement.

Research in Optical Sciences•Jan 1, 2014•0 citations

Full quantum state reconstruction of symmetric two-mode squeezed thermal states via spectral homodyne detection and a state-balancing detector

S. Cialdi, Carmen Porto, Daniele Cipriani +2 more

We suggest and demonstrate a scheme to reconstruct the symmetric two-mode squeezed thermal states of spectral sideband modes from an optical parametric oscillator. The method is based on both a single homodyne detector and the error signal from the active stabilization of the oscillator cavity. The measurement scheme has been successfully tested on different two-mode squeezed thermal states, ranging from uncorrelated coherent states to entangled states.

arXiv:1505.03903•Physical Review A•Apr 5, 2016•20 citations

Uncovering Hidden Entanglement in Twin Beams

R. L. Rincón Celis, Gaurav Nirala, A. Montaña Guerrero +5 more

Proper characterization of quantum correlations in multimode optical quantum states is critical for applications in quantum information science. However, standard entanglement measurements can lead to incomplete state reconstruction and characterization. Here, we implement a resonator-based detection system that reveals entanglement between sideband modes of twin beams, achieving full tomography and retrieving often ignored quantum correlations. Unlike standard spectral measurements such as homodyne detection, resonator detection can independently address the sidebands of each beam, thereby accessing these hidden correlations. Additionally, we show how phase shifts between the carrier and the sideband modes of the involved fields redistribute information and modify the observation of entanglement for different witnesses. The ability of the resonant detection to independently address sideband modes of entangled states can contribute to enhancing the capacity for secure communication and quantum networking protocols.

Physical Review Letters•Jul 16, 2026•0 citations

Analyzing the Gaussian character of the spectral quantum state of light via quantum noise measurements

A. S. Coelho, F. A. S. Barbosa, K. N. Cassemiro +3 more

Gaussian quantum states hold special importance in the continuous variable regime. In quantum information science, the understanding and characterization of central resources such as entanglement may strongly rely on the knowledge of the Gaussian or non-Gaussian character of the quantum state. However, the quantum measurement associated with the spectral photocurrent of light modes consists of a mixture of quadrature observables. Within the framework of two recent papers [Phys. Rev. A 88, 052113 (2013) and Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 200402 (2013)], we address here how the statistics of the spectral photocurrent relates to the character of the Wigner function describing those modes. We show that a Gaussian state can be misidentified as non-Gaussian and vice versa, a conclusion that forces the adoption of tacit a priori assumptions to perform quantum state reconstruction. We experimentally analyze the light beams generated by the optical parametric oscillator operating above threshold to show that the data strongly supports the generation of Gaussian states of the field, validating the use of necessary and sufficient criteria to characterize entanglement in this system.

arXiv:1502.01759•Physical Review A•Jul 13, 2015•10 citations
We revisit the problem of quantum state reconstruction of light beams from the photocurrent quantum noise. As is well known, but often overlooked, two longitudinal field modes contribute to each spectral component of the photocurrent (sideband modes). We show that spectral homodyne detection is intrinsically incapable of providing all the information needed for the full reconstruction of the two-mode spectral quantum state. Such a limitation is overcome by the technique of resonator detection. A detailed theoretical description and comparison of both methods is presented, as well as an experiment to measure the six-mode quantum state of pump-signal-idler beams of an optical parametric oscillator above the oscillation threshold.
The quantum noise in photocurrent fluctuations usually gives incomplete information about the quantum state of spectral sideband modes of bright light beams involved in the detection. Each frequency component of the noise spectrum corresponds to two sideband modes symmetrically located around the bright optical field. In the case of the usual homodyne detection, it limits the ability to recover discriminated information of each mode involved. We theoretically show that complete reconstruction of the two-mode quantum state can be obtained by using phase-locked (coherent) resonator detection, even for non-Gaussian states. We experimentally demonstrate the technique by measuring a two-mode displaced coherent state.
Spectral homodyne detection, a widely used technique for measuring quantum properties of light beams, cannot retrieve all the information needed to reconstruct the quantum state of spectral field modes. We show that full quantum state reconstruction can be achieved with the alternative measurement technique of resonator detection. We experimentally demonstrate this difference by engineering a quantum state with features that go undetected by homodyne detection but are clearly revealed by resonator detection.
Proper characterization of quantum correlations in multimode optical quantum states is critical for applications in quantum information science. However, standard entanglement measurements can lead to incomplete state reconstruction and characterization. Here, we implement a resonator-based detection system that reveals entanglement between sideband modes of twin beams, achieving full tomography and retrieving often ignored quantum correlations. Unlike standard spectral measurements such as homodyne detection, resonator detection can independently address the sidebands of each beam, thereby accessing these hidden correlations. Additionally, we show how phase shifts between the carrier and the sideband modes of the involved fields redistribute information and modify the observation of entanglement for different witnesses. The ability of the resonant detection to independently address sideband modes of entangled states can contribute to enhancing the capacity for secure communication and quantum networking protocols.
Gaussian quantum states hold special importance in the continuous variable regime. In quantum information science, the understanding and characterization of central resources such as entanglement may strongly rely on the knowledge of the Gaussian or non-Gaussian character of the quantum state. However, the quantum measurement associated with the spectral photocurrent of light modes consists of a mixture of quadrature observables. Within the framework of two recent papers [Phys. Rev. A 88, 052113 (2013) and Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 200402 (2013)], we address here how the statistics of the spectral photocurrent relates to the character of the Wigner function describing those modes. We show that a Gaussian state can be misidentified as non-Gaussian and vice versa, a conclusion that forces the adoption of tacit a priori assumptions to perform quantum state reconstruction. We experimentally analyze the light beams generated by the optical parametric oscillator operating above threshold to show that the data strongly supports the generation of Gaussian states of the field, validating the use of necessary and sufficient criteria to characterize entanglement in this system.