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arXiv:1310.0382 · Physical Review Letters

Optimal Persistent Currents for Interacting Bosons on a Ring with a Gauge Field

Marco Cominotti, Davide Rossini, Matteo Rizzi, F. W. J. Hekking, Anna Minguzzi

Published Jul 7, 2014• 93 citations
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Abstract

We study persistent currents for interacting one-dimensional bosons on a tight ring trap, subjected to a rotating barrier potential, which induces an artificial U(1) gauge field. We show that, at intermediate interactions, the persistent current response is maximal, due to a subtle interplay of effects due to the barrier, the interaction, and quantum fluctuations. These results are relevant for ongoing experiments with ultracold atomic gases on mesoscopic rings.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.113.025301

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We study the persistent currents of an attractive Fermi gas confined in a tightly-confining ring trap and subjected to an artificial gauge field all through the BCS-BEC crossover. At weak attractions, on the BCS side, fermions display a parity effect in the persistent currents, ie their response to the gauge field is paramagnetic or diamagnetic depending on the number of pairs on the ring. At resonance and on the BEC side of the crossover we find a doubling of the periodicity of the ground-state energy as a function of the artificial gauge field and disappearance of the parity effect, indicating that persistent currents can be used to infer the formation of tightly-bound bosonic pairs. Our predictions can be accessed in ultracold atoms experiments through noise interferograms.
We study the persistent currents of an interacting Fermi gas confined in a tightly confining ring trapand subjected to an artificial gauge field. For attractive interactions, we study the currents all through the BCS-BEC crossover. At weak attractions, on theBCS side, fermions display a parity effect in the persistent currents, i.e. their response to the gauge fieldis paramagnetic or diamagnetic depending on the number of pairs on the ring. At resonance and on theBEC side of the crossover, we find a halving of the periodicity of the ground-state energy as a function ofthe artificial gauge field and disappearance of the parity effect, indicating that persistent currents can beused to infer the formation of tightly-bound bosonic pairs. We analyze then the readout of current states by spiral interferograms, showing that Fermi gases display an intrinsic reduction of coherence. We finally show that the spin-resolved density-density correlator obtained from the expansion of the fermions at long times allows to probe the halving of the periodicity of the persistent currents and also yields information on quasi-off diagonal long range order.
We study the persistent currents of an attractive Fermi gas confined in a tightly confining ring trap and subjected to an artificial gauge field all through the BCS-BEC crossover.At weak attractions, on the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) side, fermions display a parity effect in the persistent currents, i.e., their response to the gauge field is paramagnetic or diamagnetic depending on the number of pairs on the ring.At resonance and on the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) side of the crossover we find a doubling of the periodicity of the ground-state energy as a function of the artificial gauge field and disappearance of the parity effect, indicating that persistent currents can be used to infer the formation of tightly bound bosonic pairs.Our predictions can be accessed in ultracold atom experiments through noise interferograms.
We show how density dependent gauge potentials can be induced in dilute gases of ultracold atoms using light-matter interactions. We study the effect of the resulting interacting gauge theory and show how it gives rise to novel topological states in the ultracold gas. We find in particular that the onset of persistent currents in a ring geometry is governed by a critical number of particles. The density-dependent gauge potential is also found to support chiral solitons in a quasi-one-dimensional ultracold Bose gas.
We consider a two-component Bose–Bose mixture at infinitely strong repulsive interactions in a tightly confining, one-dimensional ring trap and subjected to an artificial gauge field. By employing the Bethe Ansatz exact solution for the many-body wavefunction, we obtain the ground state energy and the persistent currents up to four particles. For each value of the applied flux, we then determine the symmetry of the state under particles exchange. We find that the ground-state energy and the persistent currents display a reduced periodicity with respect to the case of non-interacting particles, corresponding to reaching states with fractional angular momentum per particle. We relate this effect to the change of symmetry of the ground state under the effect of the artificial gauge field. Our results generalize the ones previously reported for fermionic mixtures with both attractive and repulsive interactions and highlight the role of symmetry in this effect.