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arXiv:1310.0197 · Physical Review A

Compact quantum gates on electron-spin qubits assisted by diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers inside cavities

Hai‐Rui Wei, Fu‐Guo Deng

Published Oct 17, 2013• 117 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Constructing compact quantum circuits for universal quantum gates on solid-state systems is crucial for quantum computing. We present some compact quantum circuits for a deterministic solid-state quantum computing, including the cnot, Toffoli, and Fredkin gates on the diamond NV centers confined inside cavities, achieved by some input-output processes of a single photon. Our quantum circuits for these universal quantum gates are simple and economic. Moreover, additional electron qubits are not employed, but only a single-photon medium. These gates have a long coherent time. We discuss the feasibility of these universal solid-state quantum gates, concluding that they are feasible with current technology.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.042323

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Constructing compact quantum circuits for universal quantum gates on solid-state systems is crucial for quantum computing. We present some compact quantum circuits for a deterministic solid-state quantum computing, including the cnot, Toffoli, and Fredkin gates on the diamond NV centers confined inside cavities, achieved by some input-output processes of a single photon. Our quantum circuits for these universal quantum gates are simple and economic. Moreover, additional electron qubits are not employed, but only a single-photon medium. These gates have a long coherent time. We discuss the feasibility of these universal solid-state quantum gates, concluding that they are feasible with current technology.
Hybrid quantum gates hold great promise for quantum information processing since they preserve the advantages of different quantum systems. Here we present compact quantum circuits to deterministically implement controlled-NOT, Toffoli, and Fredkin gates between a flying photon qubit and diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers assisted by microcavities. The target qubits of these universal quantum gates are encoded on the spins of the electrons associated with the diamond NV centers and they have long coherence time for storing information, and the control qubit is encoded on the polarizations of the flying photon and can be easily manipulated. Our quantum circuits are compact, economic, and simple. Moreover, they do not require additional qubits. The complexity of our schemes for universal three-qubit gates is much reduced, compared to the synthesis with two-qubit entangling gates. These schemes have high fidelities and efficiencies, and they are feasible in experiment.
We present some compact quantum circuits for a deterministic quantum computing on electron-spin qubits assisted by quantum dots inside single-side optical microcavities, including the CNOT, Toffoli, and Fredkin gates. They are constructed by exploiting the giant optical Faraday rotation induced by a single-electron spin in a quantum dot inside a single-side optical microcavity as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Our universal quantum gates have some advantages. First, all the gates are accomplished with a success probability of 100% in principle. Second, our schemes require no additional electron-spin qubits and they are achieved by some input-output processes of a single photon. Third, our circuits for these gates are simple and economic. Moreover, our devices for these gates work in both the weak coupling and the strong coupling regimes, and they are feasible in experiment.
It is desirable to implement an efficient quantum information process demanding fewer quantum resources. We designed two compact quantum circuits for determinately implementing four-qubit Toffoli and Fredkin gates on single-photon systems in both the polarization and spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) via diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in resonators. The gates are heralded by the electron spins associated with the diamond NV centers. In contrast to the ones with one DoF, our implementations reduce the quantum resource and are robust against the decoherence. Evaluations of fidelities and efficiencies of our gates show that our schemes may be implemented with current technology.
Heralded universal quantum gates can largely decrease the quantum resource consumed in the integration of a multiqubit quantum circuit. Here, we present a scheme for heralded universal quantum computing, including the construction of the CNOT gate, Fredkin gate, and Toffoli gate on the electron spins in diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers assisted by low- Q microtoroidal resonators. These quantum gates can achieve unity fidelity, as the infidelity induced by the imperfect input–output process is transferred into photon loss. The clicks on different single-photon detectors can either herald the success of the quantum gates or instruct an immediate recycling procedure, even without reinitializing the NV centers. Besides the heralding, this scheme is also more realistic, observing that the non-monochromatic auxiliary photon and the inhomogeneous NV centers have no adverse impact on fidelity. The high fidelity and efficiency with experimental parameters show that the scheme is feasible with current technology.
Robust universal quantum gates with an extremely high fidelity hold an important position in large-scale quantum computing. Here, we propose a scheme for several robust universal photonic quantum gates on a two-or three-photon system, including the controlled-NOT gate, the Toffoli gate, and the Fredkin gate, assisted by low-Q single-sided cavities. In our scheme, the quantum gates are robust against imperfect process occurring with the photons and the electron spins in diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers inside low-Q cavities. Errors due to the imperfect process are transferred to some heralding responses, which may lead to a direct recycling procedure to remedy the success probability of the quantum gates. As a result, the adverse impact of the imperfect process on fidelity is eliminated, greatly relaxing the restrictions on implementation of various quantum gates in experiments. Furthermore, the scheme is designed in a compact and heralded style, which can increase the robustness against environmental noise and local fluctuation, thus decreasing the operation time, the error probability, and the quantum resource consumption in a large-scale integrated quantum circuit. The near-unity fidelity and not-too-low efficiency with current achievable experimental techniques guarantees the feasibility of the scheme.
We propose efficient schemes for universal quantum gates with the photon polarization states and electron spin states of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond embedded in optical microcavity. A hybrid polarization-spin controlled-NOT gate and a two-qubit controlled phase gate between NV centers in separated cavities are demonstrated in the weak-coupling regime without complex devices or interaction. The gates presented here are deterministic and can be applied directly to a variety of quantum information processing tasks. The feasibility analyses show that our schemes can be accomplished with high fidelity under current technologies and have wide potential applications in quantum communication and computation fields.