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arXiv:1309.2867 · Physical Review B

Rapid creation of distant entanglement by multiphoton resonant fluorescence

Guy Cohen, Lu Jeu Sham

Published Dec 13, 2013• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study a simple, effective, and robust method for entangling two separate stationary quantum dot spin qubits with high fidelity using multiphoton Gaussian state. The fluorescence signals from the two dots interfere at a beam splitter. The bosonic nature of photons leads, in analogy with the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, to selective pairing of photon holes (photon absences in the fluorescent signals). As a result, two odd photon number detections at the outgoing beams herald trion entanglement creation, and subsequent reduction of the trions to the spin ground states leads to spin-spin entanglement. The robustness of the Gaussian states is evidenced by the ability to compensate for photon absorption and noise by a moderate increase in the number of photons at the input. We calculate the entanglement generation rate in the ideal, nonideal, and near-ideal detector regimes and find substantial improvement over single-photon schemes in all three regimes. Fast and efficient spin-spin entanglement creation can form the basis for a scalable quantum dot quantum computing network. Our predictions can be tested using current experimental capabilities.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.88.245306

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We study a simple, effective, and robust method for entangling two separate stationary quantum dot spin qubits with high fidelity using multiphoton Gaussian state. The fluorescence signals from the two dots interfere at a beam splitter. The bosonic nature of photons leads, in analogy with the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, to selective pairing of photon holes (photon absences in the fluorescent signals). As a result, two odd photon number detections at the outgoing beams herald trion entanglement creation, and subsequent reduction of the trions to the spin ground states leads to spin-spin entanglement. The robustness of the Gaussian states is evidenced by the ability to compensate for photon absorption and noise by a moderate increase in the number of photons at the input. We calculate the entanglement generation rate in the ideal, nonideal, and near-ideal detector regimes and find substantial improvement over single-photon schemes in all three regimes. Fast and efficient spin-spin entanglement creation can form the basis for a scalable quantum dot quantum computing network. Our predictions can be tested using current experimental capabilities.
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Entanglement plays a central role in fundamental tests of quantum mechanics as well as in the burgeoning field of quantum information processing. Particularly in the context of quantum networks and communication, a major challenge is the efficient generation of entanglement between distant stationary (spin) qubits. Here, we report the realization of heralded quantum entanglement between two semiconductor quantum dot spins separated by more than five meters. Our results extend the previous demonstrations of distant spin entanglement in single trapped ions or neutral atoms, in atom ensembles and nitrogen vacancy centers to the domain of artificial atoms in semiconductor nanostructures that allow for onchip integration of electronic and photonic elements. Moreover the efficient spin-photon interface provided by self-assembled quantum dots[1] allows us to reach an unprecedented rate of 2300 entangled spin pairs per second, which represents an improvement of four orders of magnitude as compared to prior experiments[2]. The entanglement generation scheme relies on single photon interference of Raman scattered light from both dots[3]. A single photon detection projects the system into a maximally entangled state. We developed a delayed two-photon interference scheme that allows for efficient verification of quantum correlations. Our results lay the groundwork for the realization of quantum repeaters and quantum networks on a chip. [1] W.-B. Gao et al., Nature 491, 426 (2012) [2] L. Slodicka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 083603 (2013) [3] C. Cabrillo et al. Phys. Rev. A 59, 1025 (1999) -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 data sine fit ra ti o pulse duration (arb. u.) F x = 29.8 ± 2.6 % 180 min 0.13 /s 0 19 37 56 74 93 112 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 total fidelity = 55.2 ± 3.5 % F Z = 80.6 ± 6.6 % c o in c id e n c e s / 1 0 6 .5 h measurement coincidences ideal case
We present a proposal for heralded entanglement between two quantum dots via Hong--Ou--Mandel effect. Each of the quantum dots, drived off-resonance by two lasers, can be entangled with the coherent cavity mode. The output photons from the two coherent cavity modes interfering by a beamsplitter, we could entangle the two QDs with nearly unit success probability. Our scheme requires neither direct coupling between qubits nor the detection of single photons. Moreover the quantum dots do not need to have the same frequencies and coupling constants.
We describe a protocol to entangle two qubits at a distance by using resonance fluorescence. The scheme makes use of the postselection of large and distinguishable fluorescence signals corresponding to entangled and unentangled qubit states and has the merits of both high success probability and high entanglement fidelity owing to the multiphoton nature. Our result shows that the entanglement generation is robust against photon fluctuations in the fluorescence signals for a wide range of driving fields. We also demonstrate that this new protocol has an average entanglement duration within the decoherence time of corresponding qubit systems, based on current experimental photon efficiency.
We theoretically show that an entangled state can be prepared between distant heavy-hole spin qubits by using III--V semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in cascaded cavities. In this scheme, using quantum state transfer between photons and carrier spins, the local spin-singlet state in a virtually excited trion is stretched into the two separated QDs via a single-photon transmission. We calculate the effective Liouville equation and determine the optimal conditions for entanglement creation. We also discuss the possibility of distributing entangled electron spins in the same manner.
Multiphoton entangled states such as "N00N states" have attracted a lot of attention because of their possible application in high-precision, quantum enhanced phase determination. So far, N00N states have been generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes and by mixing quantum and classical light on a beam splitter. Here, in contrast, we demonstrate superresolving phase measurements based on two-photon N00N states generated by quantum dot single-photon sources making use of the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect on a beam splitter. By means of pulsed resonance fluorescence of a charged exciton state, we achieve, in postselection, a quantum enhanced improvement of the precision in phase uncertainty, higher than prescribed by the standard quantum limit. An analytical description of the measurement scheme is provided, reflecting requirements, capability, and restraints of single-photon emitters in optical quantum metrology. Our results point toward the realization of a real-world quantum sensor in the near future.