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arXiv:1309.2548 · Applied Physics B

Trapping of ultracold atoms in a 3He/4He dilution refrigerator

Florian Jessen, M. Knufinke, S. C. Bell, P. Vergien, H. Hattermann, P. Weiss, M. Rudolph, Malte Reinschmidt, Kenneth Meyer, T. Gaber, Daniel Cano, Andreas Günther, Simon Bernon, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, József Fortágh

Published Dec 22, 2013• 30 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s00340-013-5750-5

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At the Walther-Meißner-Institut (WMI), a new cryogen-free 3He/4He dilution refrigerator (DR) has been completed; the cryostat will be employed to cool experiments on superconducting quantum circuits for quantum information technology and quantum simulations. All major components have been made at the WMI. The DR offers lots of space at the various stages of the apparatus for microwave components and cables. E. g., the usable space at the mixing chamber has a height of more than 60 cm and a diameter of 30 cm (mixing chamber mounting plate). To cool cables and cold amplifiers, the DR is equipped with a separate 4He-1K-loop which offers a cooling power of up to 100 mW near 1K. The refrigeration power of the still is 18 mW at 0.9 K; the diameter of its mounting plate is 35 cm. The cryostat rests in an aluminum trestle on air springs to attenuate building vibrations. It is precooled by a Cryomech PT410-RM pulse tube cryocooler (PTC) which is mechanically decoupled from the vacuum can of the cryostat by a bellows assembly. The two stages of the PTC are thermally connected to the DR via copper ropes. There are no nitrogen cooled traps with this DR to purify the gas streams of the 3He and 4He loops; instead, charcoal traps are mounted inside the DR at the first stage of the PTC. The dilution unit has three heat exchangers; its base temperature is 11 mK and its cooling power is 300 μW at 100 mK.
Previous spin echo experiments at equilibrium polarizations in 3He- 4He mixtures have confirmed the prediction of zero temperature polarization-induced spin wave damping in Fermi liquids. We have measured the damping of spin waves in dilute 3He, spin polarized by a 4He circulating dilution refrigerator. The maximum polarization is almost a factor of 5 higher than the equilibrium polarization in a magnetic field of 10.54 T at temperatures between 10 and 25 mK. The spin wave damping is much smaller than expected on the basis of the spin echo experiments and shows that the existence of polarization-induced spin wave damping is an open question.