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arXiv:1308.0852

Interaction and decay of Kelvin waves in the Gross-Pitaevskii model

Davide Proment, Carlo F. Barenghi, Miguel Onorato

Published Aug 4, 2013• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

By solving numerically the governing Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we study the dynamics of Kelvin waves on a superfluid vortex. After determining the dispersion relation, we monitor the turbulent decay of Kelvin waves with energy initially concentrated at large length scales. At intermediate length scales, we find that the decay is consistent with scaling predictions of theoretical models. Finally we report the unexpected presence of large-length scale phonons in the system.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1308.0852

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By solving numerically the governing Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we study the dynamics of Kelvin waves on a superfluid vortex. After determining the dispersion relation, we monitor the turbulent decay of Kelvin waves with energy initially concentrated at large length scales. At intermediate length scales, we find that the decay is consistent with scaling predictions of theoretical models. Finally we report the unexpected presence of large-length scale phonons in the system.
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We study the statistical properties of the Kelvin waves propagating along quantized superfluid vortices driven by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. No artificial forcing or dissipation is added. Vortex positions are accurately tracked. This procedure directly allows us to obtain the Kevin-wave occupation-number spectrum. Numerical data obtained from long time integration and ensemble average over initial conditions support the spectrum proposed in L'vov and Nazarenko [JETP Lett. 91, 428 (2010)]. Kelvin-wave modes in the inertial range are found to be Gaussian as expected by weak-turbulence predictions. Finally the dissipative range of the Kelvin-wave spectrum is studied. Strong non-Gaussian fluctuations are observed in this range.
We find the dispersion relations of two elusive families of core-bound excitations of the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) vortex, varicose (axisymmetric) and fluting (quadrupole) waves. For wavelengths of order the healing length, these two families -- and the well-known Kelvin wave -- possess an infinite sequence of core-bound, vortex-specific branches whose energies lie below the Bogoliubov dispersion relation. In the short-wavelength limit, these excitations can be interpreted as particles radially bound to the vortex, which acts as a waveguide. In the long-wavelength limit, the fluting waves unbind from the core, the varicose waves reduce to phonons propagating along the vortex, and the fundamental Kelvin wave is the only core-bound vortex-specific excitation. Finally, we propose a realistic spectroscopic protocol for creating and detecting the varicose wave, which we test by direct numerical simulations of the GP equation.
Dynamical counterflow effects on vortex evolution under the truncated Gross-Pitaevskii equation are investigated. Standard longitudinal mutual-friction effects are produced and a dilatation of vortex rings is obtained at large counterflows. A strong temperature-dependent anomalous slowdown of vortex rings is observed and attributed to the presence of thermally excited Kelvin waves. This generic effect of finite-temperature superfluids is estimated using energy equipartition and orders of magnitude are given for weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluid 4He^{4}\mathrm{He}4He. The relevance of thermally excited Kelvin waves is discussed in the context of quantum turbulence.
The elementary processes involved in the decay of superfluid turbulence in the limit of low temperature are studied by numerical simulations of vortex ring collisions. We find that small vortex rings produced by reconnections eventually annihilate in a collision where all their energy is converted into Kelvin waves and sound. We show that sound emission due to Kelvin waves also leads to a loss of vortex line length but this dissipation mechanism alone is too small to account for the experimentally observed decay.