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arXiv:1307.4493 · Physical Review A

Experimental determination of p -wave scattering parameters in ultracold 6 Li atoms

Takuya Nakasuji, Jun Yoshida, Takashi Mukaiyama

Published Jul 22, 2013• 58 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report the experimental determination of the scattering parameters for a $p$-wave Feshbach resonance in a single-component Fermi gas of ${}^{6}$Li atoms in the lowest spin state. The time scale of the cross-dimensional relaxation reflects the elastic-scattering rate of the atoms, and scattering parameters are determined from the scattering rate as a function of magnetic field by taking into account the momentum distribution and inhomogeneous density profile of the atoms in a trap. Precise determination of the scattering parameters for a $p$-wave Feshbach resonance is an important step toward the realization of a $p$-wave superfluid in an ultracold atomic gas.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.012710

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We report the experimental determination of the scattering parameters for a ppp-wave Feshbach resonance in a single-component Fermi gas of 6{}^{6}6Li atoms in the lowest spin state. The time scale of the cross-dimensional relaxation reflects the elastic-scattering rate of the atoms, and scattering parameters are determined from the scattering rate as a function of magnetic field by taking into account the momentum distribution and inhomogeneous density profile of the atoms in a trap. Precise determination of the scattering parameters for a ppp-wave Feshbach resonance is an important step toward the realization of a ppp-wave superfluid in an ultracold atomic gas.
We systematically studied the two-body loss in a two-component Fermi gas of 6Li^{6}\mathrm{Li}6Li atoms near a ppp-wave Feshbach resonance. The two-body loss rate constants were measured for various temperatures and magnetic fields using atoms trapped in three-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional traps. Our results were nicely reproduced by a theoretical model that incorporates the two-body loss as an imaginary part to the inverse of the scattering volume in the scattering amplitude expression. The observed loss suppression in quasi-two-dimensional traps may provide a promising strategy to realize a ppp-wave superfluid in a system of ultracold atoms.
We show how to use trapped ultracold atoms to measure the magnetic susceptibility of a two-component Fermi gas. The method is illustrated for a noninteracting gas of 6{}^{6}6Li, using the tunability of interactions around a wide Feshbach resonance. The susceptibility versus effective magnetic field is directly obtained from the inhomogeneous density profile of the trapped atomic cloud. The wings of the cloud realize the high-field limit where the polarization approaches 100%, which is not accessible for an electron gas.
We experimentally confirmed the threshold behavior and scattering length scaling law of the three-body loss coefficients in an ultracold spin-polarized gas of ^{6}Li atoms near a p-wave Feshbach resonance. We measured the three-body loss coefficients as functions of temperature and scattering volume, and we found that the threshold law and the scattering length scaling law hold in limited temperature and magnetic field regions. We also found that the breakdown of the scaling laws is due to the emergence of the effective-range term. This work is an important first step towards a full understanding of the loss of identical fermions with p-wave interactions.
We employ radio-frequency spectroscopy on weakly bound (6)Li(2) molecules to precisely determine the molecular binding energies and the energy splittings between molecular states for different magnetic fields. These measurements allow us to extract the interaction parameters of ultracold (6)Li atoms based on a multichannel quantum scattering model. We determine the singlet and triplet scattering lengths to be a(s) = 45.167(8)a(0) and a(t) = -2140(18)a(0) (1a(0) = 0.052 917 7 nm), and the positions of the broad Feshbach resonances in the energetically lowest three s-wave scattering channels to be 83.41(15), 69.04(5), and 81.12(10) mT.
Orbital-resolved three-body recombination across a p-wave Feshbach resonance in ultracold 6^66Li
We report precision, orbital-resolved measurements of three-body recombination near the 159~G ppp-wave Feshbach resonance in an ultracold gas of 6^{6}6Li atoms prepared in their lowest hyperfine state. Using a radio-frequency gated protocol that suppresses magnetic-field transients below the milligauss level, we resolve loss features associated with the ∣mℓ∣=1|m_\ell|=1∣mℓ​∣=1 and mℓ=0m_\ell=0mℓ​=0 orbital projections. The measured three-body loss coefficient L3L_3L3​ is well captured by a thermally averaged cascade-recombination model, enabling extraction of the resonance splitting δBδBδB and effective-range parameter kek_eke​. At the lowest temperature, we obtain δB=7.6(3)δB = 7.6(3)δB=7.6(3)~mG and ke=0.151(6) a0−1k_e = 0.151(6)\,a_0^{-1}ke​=0.151(6)a0−1​, both in quantitative agreement with coupled-channel theory. These results establish orbital-resolved three-body spectroscopy as a precision probe of ppp-wave scattering and provide a benchmark for microscopic models of resonant few-body loss.
We report on the observation of magnetic Feshbach resonances in a Fermi-Fermi mixture of ultracold atoms with extreme mass imbalance and on their unique p-wave dominated three-body recombination processes.Our system consists of open-shell alkali-metal 6 Li and closed-shell 173 Yb atoms, both spin polarized and held at various temperatures between 1 and 20 μK.We confirm that Feshbach resonances in this system are solely the result of a weak separation-dependent hyperfine coupling between the electronic spin of 6 Li and the nuclear spin of 173 Yb.Our analysis also shows that three-body recombination rates are controlled by the identical fermion nature of the mixture, even in the presence of s-wave collisions between the two species and with recombination rate coefficients outside the Wigner threshold regime at our lowest temperature.Specifically, a comparison of experimental and theoretical line shapes of the recombination process indicates that the characteristic asymmetric line shape as a function of applied magnetic field and a maximum recombination rate coefficient that is independent of temperature can only be explained by triatomic collisions with nonzero, p-wave total orbital angular momentum.The resonances can be used to form ultracold doublet ground-state molecules and to simulate quantum superfluidity in mass-imbalanced mixtures.