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arXiv:1307.3952 · Optics Express

Fast optical cooling of nanomechanical cantilever with the dynamical Zeeman effect

Jian‐Qi Zhang, Shuo Zhang, Jinhua Zou, Liang Chen, Wen Yang, Yong Li, Mang Feng

Published Nov 22, 2013• 34 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose an efficient optical electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) cooling scheme for a cantilever with a nitrogen-vacancy center attached in a non-uniform magnetic field using dynamical Zeeman effect. In our scheme, the Zeeman effect combined with the quantum interference effect enhances the desired cooling transition and suppresses the undesired heating transitions. As a result, the cantilever can be cooled down to nearly the vibrational ground state under realistic experimental conditions within a short time. This efficient optical EIT cooling scheme can be reduced to the typical EIT cooling scheme under special conditions.

DOI
10.1364/oe.21.029695

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We propose an efficient optical electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) cooling scheme for a cantilever with a nitrogen-vacancy center attached in a non-uniform magnetic field using dynamical Zeeman effect. In our scheme, the Zeeman effect combined with the quantum interference effect enhances the desired cooling transition and suppresses the undesired heating transitions. As a result, the cantilever can be cooled down to nearly the vibrational ground state under realistic experimental conditions within a short time. This efficient optical EIT cooling scheme can be reduced to the typical EIT cooling scheme under special conditions.
The efficient cooling of nanomechanical resonators is essential to exploration of quantum properties of the macroscopic or mesoscopic systems. We propose such a laser-cooling scheme for a nanomechanical cantilever, which works even for the low-frequency mechanical mode and under weak cooling lasers. The cantilever is coupled by a diamond nitrogen-vacancy center under a strong magnetic field gradient and the cooling is assisted by a dynamical Stark-shift gate. Our scheme can effectively enhance the desired cooling efficiency by avoiding the off-resonant and undesired carrier transitions, and thereby cool the cantilever down to the vicinity of the vibrational ground state in a fast fashion.
Cooling a solid-state nanoparticle, as a significant prerequisite of the mesoscale quantum sensing, is experimentally challenging. Here we propose an efficient cooling scheme assisted by a strong magnetic-field gradient to cool a nanoparticle down to the ground state of the vibrational degrees of freedom. By combining the Zeeman effect with quantum interference effect, the scheme can accomplish the precooling of the nanoparticle from room temperature to the Doppler cooling limit in several seconds, and can then further cool the precooled nanoparticle to the vibrational ground state within milliseconds. We specify the scheme by exemplifying the nanocrystal of diamond nitrogen-vacancy center suspended in an electromagnetic potential, indicating that this cooling scheme can accomplish the ground-state cooling from room temperature within a few seconds under the condition of currently available techniques. Our work lays a foundation for further three-dimensional cooling of suspended nanoparticles and also for realizing quantum sensing using mesoscopic particles in the future.
Cooling vibrational degrees of freedom down to ground states is essential to observation of quantum properties of systems with mechanical vibration. We propose two cooling schemes employing four internal levels of the systems, which achieve the ground-state cooling in an efficient fashion by completely deleting the carrier and first-order blue-sideband transitions. The schemes, based on quantum interference and Stark-shift gates, are robust to fluctuations of laser intensity and frequency. The feasibility of the schemes is justified using current laboratory technology. In practice, our proposal readily applies to a nanodiamond nitrogen-vacancy center levitated in an optical trap or attached to a cantilever.
Ground state cooling of a nanomechanical resonator coupled to a superconducting flux qubit is discussed. By inducing quantum interference to cancel unwanted heating excitations, ground state cooling becomes possible in the nonresolved regime. The qubit is modeled as a three-level system in Lambda configuration, and the driving fluxes are applied such that the qubit absorption spectrum exhibits electromagnetically induced transparency, thereby canceling the unwanted excitations. As our scheme allows the application of strong cooling fields, fast and efficient cooling can be achieved.
We propose a cooling scheme for a trapped atom using the phenomenon of cavity-induced double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), where the atom comprising of four levels in tripod configuration is confined inside a high-finesse optical cavity. By exploiting one cavity-induced EIT, which involves one cavity photon and two laser photons, carrier transition can be eliminated due to the quantum destructive interference of excitation paths. Heating process originated from blue-sideband transition mediated by cavity field can also be prohibited due to the destructive quantum interference with the additional transition between the additional ground state and the excited state. As a consequence, the trapped atom can be cooled to the motional ground state in the leading order of the Lamb-Dicke parameters. In addition, the cooling rate is of the same order of magnitude as that obtained in the cavity-induced single EIT scheme.