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arXiv:1307.1147 · Physical Review A

Bose-Fermi pairs in a mixture and the Luttinger theorem within a Nozières-Schmitt-Rink-like approach

Takaaki Sogo, Peter Schuck, Mi­chael Urban

Published Aug 19, 2013• 16 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Boson-fermion pair correlations in a mixture are considered at zero temperature in the $T$-matrix approximation. Special attention is paid to the Luttinger theorem. In a strict random-phase approximation variant of the Nozi\`eres-Schmitt-Rink approach, it is shown that this theorem is respected also in the homogeneous infinite matter case. We calculate the corresponding occupation numbers of fermions and bosons and the condensate depletion. We also show that in the limit of very small boson density, our results are in good agreement with the results found in the literature for the Fermi polaron in strongly imbalanced Fermi-Fermi mixtures.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.023613

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Physical review. B, Condensed matter•May 1, 1993•43 citations
Boson-fermion pair correlations in a mixture are considered at zero temperature in the TTT-matrix approximation. Special attention is paid to the Luttinger theorem. In a strict random-phase approximation variant of the Nozi`eres-Schmitt-Rink approach, it is shown that this theorem is respected also in the homogeneous infinite matter case. We calculate the corresponding occupation numbers of fermions and bosons and the condensate depletion. We also show that in the limit of very small boson density, our results are in good agreement with the results found in the literature for the Fermi polaron in strongly imbalanced Fermi-Fermi mixtures.
We consider a Bose-Fermi mixture with a broad and tunable Feshbach resonance allowing to change continuously the attraction between bosons and fermions from weak to strong coupling. We set up a diagrammatic formalism which includes both the Bose-Fermi tunable attraction and the Bose-Bose repulsion at zero temperature. Remarkably, we find that for boson density smaller than or equal to the fermion density, the boson condensate fraction does not depend on the density imbalance across most of the resonance. In the limit of vanishing boson concentration, we find very good agreement with previous results for the polaron quasi-particle residue obtained in the context of strongly polarized Fermi-Fermi mixtures [1]. We calculate also the boson and fermion chemical potentials and momentum distribution functions and, when the condensate fraction vanishes, we recover the results of our previous works for the normal phase [2,3]. In addition, we calculate the effective masses and Fermi steps for the unpaired and composite fermions. We find that the Fermi step of the unpaired fermions remains pinned to the value given by the Fermi radius of a free Fermi gas across most of the resonance, in agreement with the Luttinger’s theorem [4], until molecules start to form (g≈1). The formation of molecules is signalled by the appearance of a second pole in the boson-fermion propagator, which marks the access to a regime where bosons, fermions and molecules cohexist, and by the presence of a Fermi step for the composite fermions, which is related to the density of molecules. Finally, we find quite a good agreement between our results for the condensate fraction and Quantum Monte Carlo calculations [5].
We consider a polarized Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover region above the critical temperature within a T-matrix formalism. By treating the mean-field-like shift of the quasiparticle energies in a self-consistent manner, we avoid the known pathological behavior of the standard Nozi\`eres-Schmitt-Rink approach in the polarized case, i.e., the polarization has the right sign and the spin polarizability is positive. The momentum distributions of the correlated system are computed and it is shown that, in the zero-temperature limit, they satisfy the Luttinger theorem. Results for the phase diagram, the spin susceptibility, and the compressibility are discussed.
We consider a mixture of bosons and spin-polarized fermions in two dimensions at zero temperature with a tunable Bose-Fermi attraction. By adopting a diagrammatic T T -matrix approach, we analyze the behavior of several thermodynamic quantities for the two species as a function of the density ratio and coupling strength, including the chemical potentials, the momentum distribution functions, the boson condensate density, and the Tan’s contact parameter. By increasing the Bose-Fermi attraction, we find that the condensate is progressively depleted and Bose-Fermi pairs form, with a small fraction of condensed bosons surviving even for strong Bose-Fermi attraction. This small condensate proves sufficient to hybridize molecular and atomic states, producing quasi-particles with unusual Fermi liquid features. A nearly universal behavior of the condensate fraction, the bosonic momentum distribution, and Tan’s contact parameter with respect to the density ratio is also found.
We calculate the critical temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of bosonic atoms across a Feshbach resonance and show how medium effects at negative scattering lengths give rise to pairs reminiscent of the ones responsible for fermionic superfluidity. We find that the formation of pairs leads to a large suppression of the critical temperature. Within the formalism developed by Nozi\`eres and Schmitt-Rink, the gas appears mechanically stable throughout the entire crossover region, but when interactions between pairs are taken into account we show that the gas becomes unstable close to the critical temperature. We discuss prospects of observing these effects in a gas of ultracold 133Cs^{133}\text{C}\text{s}133Cs atoms where recent measurements indicate that the gas may be sufficiently long lived to explore the many-body physics around a Feshbach resonance.
The crossover between the Cooper-pair condensation and the Bose-Einstein condensation of ``di-electronic'' molecules in two-dimensional superconductors is investigated in detail on the basis of the Nozi\`eres and Schmitt-Rink formalism. It is shown that temperature dependence of the chemical potential \ensuremath{\mu} so calculated is classified into two classes as decreasing temperatures; i.e., class (a) where \ensuremath{\mu} approaches the point of Bose-Einstein condensation of two-dimensional ideal Bose gas of ``di-electronic'' molecules, and class (b) where \ensuremath{\mu} diverges positively along the line of BCS-type mean-field pair condensation. This feature is rather universal irrespective of strength V of the attractive interaction of the s-wave type. While the former class (a) has been found by Schmitt-Rink, Varma, and Ruckenstein, existence of the latter class (b) is recognized here. In the case where V is fixed, class (a) is realized for electron number density N smaller than Ncr{\mathit{N}}_{\mathrm{cr}}Ncr​, which is an increasing function of V, and class (b) is realized for N larger than Ncr{\mathit{N}}_{\mathrm{cr}}Ncr​. If N\ensuremath{\gg}Ncr{\mathit{N}}_{\mathrm{cr}}Ncr​ in particular, there exists a regime, where the Fermi-liquid-like description is valid, between the BCS-type mean-field transition temperature and the Fermi temperature. In the situation where V is changed with N being fixed, low-temperature states for the strong-coupling case belong to class (a) while those for the weak-coupling case belong to class (b). Therefore, with decreasing V, the chemical potential \ensuremath{\mu}(T), at temperatures far below the Fermi temperature, shows a discontinuous jump at V=Vcr{\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{cr}}Vcr​(N) corresponding to the transition from class (a) to (b). However, this is in contradiction to a physical picture that the chemical potential should smoothly cross over between the above two limits unless the liquid-gas transition occurs. This shows in turn a necessity of improving the Nozi\`eres and Schmitt-Rink formalism itself especially in two dimensions. A preliminary approach beyond their formalism is briefly discussed.