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arXiv:1306.1933 · New Journal of Physics

Testing the effects of gravity and motion on quantum entanglement in space-based experiments

David Edward Bruschi, Carlos Sabín, Angela White, Valentina Baccetti, Daniel K L Oi, Ivette Fuentes

Published May 21, 2014• 38 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose an experiment to test the effects of gravity and acceleration on quantum entanglement in space-based setups. We show that the entanglement between excitations of two Bose–Einstein condensates is degraded after one of them undergoes a change in the gravitational field strength. This prediction can be tested if the condensates are initially entangled in two separate satellites while being in the same orbit and then one of them moves to a different orbit. We show that the effect is observable in a typical orbital manoeuvre of nanosatellites like CanX4 and CanX5.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/16/5/053041

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We propose an experiment to test the effects of gravity and acceleration on quantum entanglement in space-based setups. We show that the entanglement between excitations of two Bose–Einstein condensates is degraded after one of them undergoes a change in the gravitational field strength. This prediction can be tested if the condensates are initially entangled in two separate satellites while being in the same orbit and then one of them moves to a different orbit. We show that the effect is observable in a typical orbital manoeuvre of nanosatellites like CanX4 and CanX5.
We propose an experiment to test the effects of gravity and acceleration on quantum entanglement in space-based setups. We show that the entanglement between excitations of two Bose-Einstein condensates is degraded after one of them undergoes a change in the gravitational field strength. This prediction can be tested if the condensates are initially entangled in two separate satellites while being in the same orbit and then one of them moves to a different orbit. We show that the effect is observable in a typical orbital manoeuvre of nanosatellites like CanX4 and CanX5.
We propose an experiment to test the effects of gravity and acceleration on quantum entanglement in space-based setups. We show that the entanglement between excitations of two Bose-Einstein condensates is degraded after one of them undergoes a change in the gravitational field strength. This prediction can be tested if the condensates are initially entangled in two separate satellites while being in the same orbit and then one of them moves to a different orbit. We show that the effect is observable in a typical orbital manoeuvre of nanosatellites like CanX4 and CanX5.
A test of quantum gravity Quantum mechanics and the general theory of relativity represent two pillars of modern physics, but unification of the two theories remains an open problem. Theories of quantum gravity abound, but they tend to lack an experimental foundation. One such proposed theory, event formalism, predicts that a pair of entangled particles decorrelate as they pass through different regions of the gravitational well of a planetary object. Xu et al. present results of a quantum optical test of this proposal using the quantum satellite Micius. Using entangled photon pairs, one sent to the satellite and the other retained on Earth, they find no evidence for the predicted decorrelation effects. The results may help shed light on the interplay between quantum theory and gravity. Science , this issue p. 132
The effect of noise induced by gravitons on a Bose-Einstein condensate has been explored in Sen and Gangopadhyay [Probing the quantum nature of gravity using a Bose-Einstein condensate, ]. In the previous paper, we investigated the effects of graviton while detecting a gravitational wave using a Bose-Einstein condensate. In this work, we shall explicitly calculate the decoherence due to the noise of gravitons for maximally entangled momentum states of the Bose-Einstein condensate. This decoherence happens due to bremsstrahlung from the Bose-Einstein condensates due to the effect of the noise induced by gravitons. It is observed that the maximally entangled state becomes entangled with the graviton state and it decays over time as a result of this gravitational bremsstrahlung. This new entangled state is termed as a Bose-Einstein supercondensate. Using this property of the Bose-Einstein condensate in a quantum gravity background, we propose an experimental test via the use of atom lasers (generated from the condensate) which would, in principle, help to detect gravitons in future generations of very advanced ultracold temperature experiments.
The eigenstates of two test-masses (where each test-mass is placed inside of a harmonic trap) separated by a distance, can get entangled where gravity acts as the mediator of entanglement and it has been argued in \href{https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.07348}{arXiv:2511.07348 [quant-ph]} that this entanglement of masses cannot be generated without the underlying quantum nature of gravity. In this work, we consider two non-relativistic Bose-Einstein condensates (formed inside of harmonic trap potentials with identical trapping frequencies) separated by a distance. We take a linearized quantum gravity model and investigate the generation of entanglement while gravitons serve as the mediator of entanglement. The entanglement is generated between the phonon modes of the two condensates, and we observe that for very low separation distance, the entanglement generated is significantly higher than that observed for the quantum gravity induced entanglement of masses or QGEM protocol; however, the fall of entanglement is faster than the two-particle case for two separated Bose-Einstein condensates. We observe that when the number of particles in the condensate is increased, the degree of entanglement for a smaller separation distance becomes substantially higher compared to the case discussed in \href{https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.106028}{Phys. Rev. D 105 (2022) 106028}, which allows for a more robust experimental proposal using this quantum gravity induced entanglement of phonons or QGEP protocol.
The Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of excited states, provides a different platform to explore the interplay between gravity and quantum physics. In this Letter, we study the response of excited-state BECs to an external gravitational field and their dynamics under gravity when space is expanding. We reveal the anomalous response of the center-of-mass of the BEC to the gravitational field and the exotic gravity-induced accelerating expansion phenomena. We demonstrate that these effects result from the interplay among gravity, space and quantum effects. We also propose related experiments to observe these anomalies.