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arXiv:1305.6566 · Physical Review A

Almost local generation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement in nonequilibrium open systems

Rebecca Schmidt, Jürgen T. Stockburger, Joachim Ankerhold

Published Nov 19, 2013• 23 citations
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Abstract

The generation of entanglement in an open system is studied in a model consisting of two independent Gaussian parties sharing a conventional heat bath environment. Reservoirs of this type appear in a broad class of condensed phase systems and themselves are insufficient to generate entanglement from initially separable states. Already local driving by an external classical field, however, is sufficient to promote this system-bath interaction to a source of entanglement. The presence or absence of the effect depends on the specific pulse shape of the external control, which we determine through optimal-control techniques.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.052321

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The generation of entanglement in an open system is studied in a model consisting of two independent Gaussian parties sharing a conventional heat bath environment. Reservoirs of this type appear in a broad class of condensed phase systems and themselves are insufficient to generate entanglement from initially separable states. Already local driving by an external classical field, however, is sufficient to promote this system-bath interaction to a source of entanglement. The presence or absence of the effect depends on the specific pulse shape of the external control, which we determine through optimal-control techniques.
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In the framework of the theory of open systems based on completely positive quantum dynamical semigroups, we give a description of the continuousvariable entanglement for a system consisting of two independent harmonic oscillators interacting with a general environment.Using Peres-Simon necessary and sufficient criterion for separability of two-mode Gaussian states, we describe the generation and evolution of entanglement in terms of the covariance matrix for an arbitrary Gaussian input state.For some values of diffusion and dissipation coefficients describing the environment, the state keeps for all times its initial type: separable or entangled.In other cases, entanglement generation or entanglement collapse (entanglement sudden death) take place or even a periodic collapse and revival of entanglement.We show that for certain classes of environments the initial state evolves asymptotically to an entangled equilibrium bipartite state, while for other values of the coefficients describing the environment, the asymptotic state is separable.We calculate also the logarithmic negativity characterizing the degree of entanglement of the asymptotic state.
In the framework of the theory of open systems based on completely positive quantum dynamical semigroups, we give a description of the continuous-variable entanglement for a system consisting of two independent harmonic oscillators interacting with a general environment. Using Peres-Simon necessary and sufficient criterion for separability of two-mode Gaussian states, we describe the generation and evolution of entanglement in terms of the covariance matrix for an arbitrary Gaussian input state. For some values of diffusion and dissipation coefficients describing the environment, the state keeps for all times its initial type: separable or entangled. In other cases, entanglement generation or entanglement collapse (entanglement sudden death) take place or even a periodic collapse and revival of entanglement. We show that for certain classes of environments the initial state evolves asymptotically to an entangled equilibrium bipartite state, while for other values of the coefficients describing the environment, the asymptotic state is separable. We calculate also the logarithmic negativity characterizing the degree of entanglement of the asymptotic state.
In a bipartite system subject to decoherence from two separate reservoirs, entanglement is typically destroyed faster than where there is a single reservoir. Surprisingly, however, the existence of separate reservoirs can also have a beneficial entangling effect: if the qubits are coupled and driven externally by a classical field, the system ends in a stationary state characterized by a finite degree of entanglement. This phenomenon occurs only in a certain region of the parameter space and the structure of the stationary state has a universal form which does not depend on the initial state or on the specific physical realization of the qubits. We show that the entanglement thus generated can be propagated within a quantum network using simple local unitary operations. We suggest the use of such systems as 'batteries of entanglement' in quantum circuits.
In a bipartite system subject to decoherence from two separate reservoirs, entanglement is typically destroyed faster than where there is a single reservoir. Surprisingly, however, the existence of separate reservoirs can also have a beneficial entangling effect: if the qubits are coupled and driven externally by a classical field, the system ends in a stationary state characterized by a finite degree of entanglement. This phenomenon occurs only in a certain region of the parameter space and the structure of the stationary state has a universal form which does not depend on the initial state or on the specific physical realization of the qubits. We show that the entanglement thus generated can be propagated within a quantum network using simple local unitary operations. We suggest the use of such systems as 'batteries of entanglement' in quantum circuits.
Investigation of the emergence of entanglement in a classical two-particle Brownian system through nonequilibrium driving is carried out. The Brownian particles are in contact with independent thermal bath, where one particle is driven by a time-dependent potential and the other remains in a static harmonic trap. The particles are harmonically coupled, enabling thermal correlation and information exchange. Using stochastic simulations, we compute an entanglement witness based on osmotic velocities and position correlations. We show that stronger driving enhances entanglement generation, with protocol-specific features. Thermodynamic quantities such as entropy production and the Jarzynski equality are also examined, revealing a close link between nonequilibrium control and classical entanglement in mesoscopic systems.