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arXiv:1304.5888 · Physical Review A

Optical cloning of arbitrary images beyond the diffraction limits

Onkar N. Verma, Lida Zhang, Jörg Evers, Tarak Nath Dey

Published Jul 8, 2013• 27 citations
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Abstract

Cloning of arbitrary images from the spatial profile of a laser beam onto that of a second beam is theoretically investigated. The two fields couple to each other while propagating in an atomic $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ medium displaying coherent population trapping in the case where probe and control fields have comparable strength. Our method is suitable to clone arbitrary images as demonstrated in numerical simulations where the three letters ``CPT'' are encoded in the control field profile. The cloned structures have features reduced in size by about a factor of 2, when compared to the initial control images, and are consistent with a recent related experiment.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.013810

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Cloning of arbitrary images from the spatial profile of a laser beam onto that of a second beam is theoretically investigated. The two fields couple to each other while propagating in an atomic \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ medium displaying coherent population trapping in the case where probe and control fields have comparable strength. Our method is suitable to clone arbitrary images as demonstrated in numerical simulations where the three letters ``CPT'' are encoded in the control field profile. The cloned structures have features reduced in size by about a factor of 2, when compared to the initial control images, and are consistent with a recent related experiment.
Following recent theoretical predictions, we report on an experimental realization of image cloning beyond usual diffraction, through the coherent population trapping (CPT) effect in a hot rubidium vapor. In our experiment, an alphabet letter image was transferred from a coupling field to a probe field, based on the CPT effect. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the cloned probe field carrying the image is transmitted without the usual diffraction. To our best knowledge, this is the first experimental report about image cloning beyond diffraction. We believe this mechanism, based on CPT, has definite and important applications in image metrology, image processing, and biomedical imaging.
We investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, optical image cloning via electromagnetic induced absorption (EIA). We demonstrate the transfer of small 2D real images imprinted onto a strong coupling beam to a weak probe beam in a Rb vapor cell. We show through EIA that the coupling beam's image is cloned beyond the usual diffraction, with a potential improvement in spatial resolution of the cloned image by a factor of three in comparison to that of the original coupling beam. Optical cloning through EIA is based on position selective nonlinear absorption, and it does not rely on spatial modulation of the refractive index.
We show how quantum coherence effects can be used to improve the resolution and the contrast of diffraction-limited images imprinted onto a probe field. The narrow and sharp spectral features generated by double dark resonances (DDR) are exploited to control absorption, dispersion, and diffraction properties of the medium. The spatially modulated control field can produce inhomogeneous susceptibility of the medium that encodes the spatial feature of the control image to probe field in the presence of DDR. The transmission of a cloned image can be enhanced by the use of an incoherent pump field. We find that the feature size of the cloned image is four times smaller than the initial characteristic size of the control image even though the control image is completely distorted after propagation through a 3-cm-long Rb vapor cell. We further discuss how spatial optical switching is possible by using induced transparency and absorption of the medium.
We propose an all-optical antiwaveguide mechanism for steering, splitting, and cloning of an optical beam without diffraction. We use a spatially inhomogeneous pump beam to create an antiwaveguide structure in a Doppler broadened N\mathcal{N}N-type four-level Raman gain medium for a copropagating weak probe beam. We show that a transverse modulated index of refraction and gain due to the spatially dependent pump beam hold the keys to steering, splitting, and cloning of an optical beam. We have also shown that an additional control field permits the propagation of an optical beam through an otherwise gain medium without diffraction and instability. We further discuss how finesse of the cloned images can be increased by changing the detuning of the control field. We arrive at similar results by using homogeneously broadened gain media at higher density.
High-fidelity and controllable optical cloning of high-dimensional (high-D) optical beams is very important for the development of novel techniques for optical imaging, lithography, and communications, etc. Here we propose a scheme to realize the cloning of high-D optical beams with a Rydberg atomic gas via electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that strong atom-atom interaction can map to two probe laser fields, which may acquire giant nonlocal Kerr nonlinearities supporting the formation of stable high-D optical solitons and vortices at very low light power. We also show that such optical solitons and vortices prepared in one probe field can be cloned onto another one with high fidelity, and the cloning may be actively manipulated through the tuning of the nonlocality degree of the Kerr nonlinearities. Moreover, we demonstrate that based on such a cloning scheme multitimes and multicomponents cloning of high-D optical beams are also possible, which allows us to acquire multiple copies of high-D optical beams. The results on the optical cloning reported here are not only of fundamental interest for nonlocal nonlinear optics but also promising for practical applications in optical information processing and transmission.