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arXiv:1304.5041 · Physical Review A

Quantum holonomy in the Lieb-Liniger model

Nobuhiro Yonezawa, Atushi Tanaka, Taksu Cheon

Published Jun 21, 2013• 16 citations
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Abstract

We examine a parametric cycle in the $N$-body Lieb-Liniger model that starts from the free system and goes through Tonks-Girardeau and super-Tonks-Girardeau regimes and comes back to the free system. We show the existence of exotic quantum holonomy, whose detailed workings are analyzed with the specific sample of two- and three-body systems. The classification of eigenstates based on clustering structure naturally emerges from the analysis.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.062113

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We examine a parametric cycle in the NNN-body Lieb-Liniger model that starts from the free system and goes through Tonks-Girardeau and super-Tonks-Girardeau regimes and comes back to the free system. We show the existence of exotic quantum holonomy, whose detailed workings are analyzed with the specific sample of two- and three-body systems. The classification of eigenstates based on clustering structure naturally emerges from the analysis.
An interplay of an exotic quantum holonomy and exceptional points is examined in one-dimensional Bose systems. The eigenenergy anholonomy, in which Hermitian adiabatic cycle induces nontrivial change in eigenenergies, can be interpreted as a manifestation of eigenenergy's Riemann surface structure, where the branch points are identified as the exceptional points which are degeneracy points in the complexified parameter space. It is also shown that the exceptional points are the divergent points of the non-Abelian gauge connection for the gauge theoretical formulation of the eigenspace anholonomy. This helps us to evaluate anti-path-ordered exponentials of the gauge connection to obtain gauge covariant quantities.
We study the local correlations in the super Tonks-Girardeau gas, a highly excited, strongly correlated state obtained in quasi-one-dimensional Bose gases by tuning the scattering length to large negative values using a confinement-induced resonance. Exploiting a connection with a relativistic field theory, we obtain results for the two-body and three-body local correlators at zero and finite temperature. At zero temperature, our result for the three-body correlator agrees with the extension of the results of Cheianov et al. [Phys. Rev. A 73, 051604(R) (2006)], obtained for the ground state of the repulsive Lieb-Liniger gas, to the super-Tonks-Girardeau state. At finite temperature, we obtain that the three-body correlator has a weak dependence on temperature up to the degeneracy temperature TD{T}_{\mathrm{D}}TD​. We also find that, for temperatures larger than TD{T}_{\mathrm{D}}TD​, the values of the three-body correlator for the super-Tonks-Girardeau gas and the corresponding repulsive Lieb-Liniger gas are rather similar, even for relatively small couplings.
An adiabatic change of parameters along a closed path may interchange the (quasi-)eigenenergies and eigenspaces of a closed quantum system.Such discrepancies, induced by adiabatic cycles are referred to as the exotic quantum holonomy, which is an extension of the geometric phase."Small" adiabatic cycles induce no change on eigenspaces, whereas some "large" adiabatic cycles interchange eigenspaces.We explain the topological formulation for the eigenspace anholonomy, where the homotopy equivalence precisely distinguishes the larger cycles from smaller ones.An application to two level systems is explained.We also examine the cycles that involve the adiabatic evolution across an exact crossing, and the diabatic evolution across an avoided crossing.The latter is a nonadiabatic example of the exotic quantum holonomy.
The Lieb-Liniger model describes one-dimensional bosons interacting through a repulsive contact potential. In this work, we introduce an extended version of this model by replacing the contact potential with a decaying exponential. Using the recently developed continuous matrix product states techniques, we explore the ground-state phase diagram of this model by examining the superfluid and density correlation functions. At weak coupling superfluidity governs the ground state, in a similar way as in the Lieb-Liniger model. However, at strong coupling quasicrystal and super--Tonks-Girardeau regimes are also found, which are not present in the original Lieb-Liniger case. Therefore the presence of the exponentially decaying potential leads to a superfluid/super--Tonks-Girardeau/quasicrystal crossover, when tuning the coupling strength from weak to strong interactions. This corresponds to a Luttinger liquid parameter in the range $K\ensuremath{\in}(0,\ensuremath{\infty})$, in contrast with the Lieb-Liniger model, where $K\ensuremath{\in}[1,\ensuremath{\infty})$, and the screened long-range potential, where $K\ensuremath{\in}(0,1]$.
We consider quantum quenches of harmonically trapped one-dimensional bosons from repulsive-to-attractive interactions. We study the resulting breathing dynamics of the so-called ``super-Tonks-Girardeau'' (STG) state at large attraction, or of its analog at moderate or small attraction. This state is highly excited compared to the ground state of the attractive gas, and is the lowest eigenstate where the particles are not bound or clustered. We analyze the dynamics from a spectral point of view, identifying the relevant eigenstates of the interacting trapped many-body system, and analyzing the nature of these quantum eigenstates. To obtain explicit eigenspectra, we use Hamiltonians with finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces to approximate the Lieb-Liniger system. We employ two very different approximate approaches: an expansion in a truncated single-particle harmonic-trap basis and a lattice (Bose-Hubbard) model. We show how the breathing frequency, identified with the energy difference between the sTG state and another particular eigenstate, varies with interaction.