Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1304.4801

Any nonlocal model assuming "local parts" conflicts with relativity

Antoine Suárez

Published Apr 17, 2013• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

It is argued that any nonlocal model producing "local parts" (i.e.: disappearance of the correlations under certain testable conditions) can be reproduced by "multisimultaneity" and therefore (because of arxiv:1304.0532) conflicts not only with quantum mechanics but also with relativity. This result means in particular that the very structure of space-time (relativity) requires influences coming from outside space-time.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1304.4801

Related papers

Any nonlocal model assuming \local parts" conicts with relativity

Antoine Suárez

Center for Quantum Philosophy, Berninastrasse 85, 8057 Zurich,Switzerland/suarez@leman.ch(Dated: April 16, 2013)It is argued that any nonlocal model producing \local parts can be reproduced by \multisimul-taneity and therefore (because of [1]) conicts not only with quantum mechanics but also withrelativity. This result means in particular that the very structure of space-time (relativity) requiresinuences coming from outside space-time.

•Apr 17, 2013•0 citations

Quantum nonlocality: How does nature do it?

Adán Cabello

In a recent note, Hance and Hossenfelder (arXiv:2211.01331) recall that "locally causal completions of quantum mechanics are possible, if they violate the assumption [called statistical independence or measurement independence] that the hidden variables do not in any way depend on measurement settings" and that, consequently, the experimental violations of Bell inequalities "show that maintaining local causality requires violating statistical independence". However, Hance and Hossenfelder also argue that "we should (...) look for independent experimental evidence that can distinguish the two different options: non-locality and statistical independence, or locality and violations of statistical independence" and that "the unwillingness to consider theories without statistical independence may be the reason we do not yet have a locally causal theory for the foundations of physics that is consistent with general relativity". Here, we recall that there is a third option, namely, rejecting that measurement outcomes are governed in any way by hidden variables. Moreover, we argue that some recent results in the search for principles singling out the sets of quantum correlations for Bell and Kochen-Specker contextuality scenarios point out that this third option is scientifically more plausible and answers the question of why and how nature produces quantum nonlocality.

arXiv:2211.06476•Nov 11, 2022•2 citations

An Exclusion Theorem for Carriers of Nonlocal Outcome Sharing: Why the Before-Before Coordination Cannot Reside in the Metric Sector of a Discrete Substrate

Oliver Marc Wittwer

The before-before experiment (Stefanov, Zbinden, Gisin and Suarez, 2002) showed that the coordination of two spacelike-separated measurements on an entangled pair carries no device-relative time order: each analyzer can be made to measure ``first'' in its own rest frame, and the correlations do not disappear, as multisimultaneity had predicted. The reading that survived, ``coordination from outside space-time,'' names an absence rather than a location. We ask where a carrier of that coordination — any physical structure providing the two wings with a shared outcome space at measurement time — could be located if the metric arena is a discrete substrate with a finite budget per node. Four constructions exhaust the metric options, and each is closed separately: a carrier the quantum pays for from its own energy (58 to 129 orders of magnitude short of the reference weight), one propagating at finite speed (strict light cone, spacelike antibunching, and the result of Bancal et al.), one statically wired into the lattice (clique, star and chain each unphysical), and one carried along with the quanta from the source — excluded not by counting but by Bell's theorem with the spacelike Bell tests. What survives is a carrier that is pre-existing, at graph distance zero from both wings, and non-metric. Two further results follow with separately stated assumptions. A device-relative time order would itself need a carrier of the excluded class; a universal order would not, and the substrate model used here has one. And a carrier compatible with no-signaling may be read out only through functions of the local reduced state, which excludes a shared table of outcome values but not the coherent amplitude that Bell correlations require. The result gives Suarez's Principle Q a restricted, computed form for one class of carriers. It claims neither the existence of a carrier, nor the immateriality of what lies outside, nor any deviation from quantum mechanics in the accessible regime.

•Sep 29, 2026•0 citations

NONLOCAL CORRELATIONS AND RELATIVITY OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

Aleksandr V. Belinsky, I. I. Djadan

Since the paper of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen was published where the quantum nonlocality phenomenon was first problematized many physical explanations for this have been proposed. None of them won full recognition from physicists. Perhaps it is time to consider the issue more broadly with the involvement of non-physical arguments that have an abstract mathematical, general scientific, philosophical and historical projections. This work is an attempt at such a direction.

Metafizika•Jul 17, 2023•1 citation

MAKING NONLOCAL REALITY COMPATIBLE WITH RELATIVITY

Hrvoje Nikolić

It is often argued that hypothetic nonlocal reality responsible for nonlocal quantum correlations between entangled particles cannot be consistent with relativity. I review the most frequent arguments of that sort, explain how they can all be circumvented, and present an explicit Bohmian model of nonlocal reality (compatible with quantum phenomena) that fully obeys the principle of relativistic covariance and does not involve a preferred Lorentz frame.

arXiv:1002.3226•International Journal of Quantum Information•Jan 1, 2011•11 citations

Entanglement without Nonlocal Influence: Descriptive Levels and the Limits of Classical Locality

Erik Axelkrans

Quantum entanglement is routinely described as exhibiting nonlocal correlations or “spookyaction at a distance”, despite the absence of superluminal signaling and despite full agreementwith relativistic causality at the operational level. This persistent conceptual tension suggeststhat the difficulty posed by entanglement is not empirical or dynamical but descriptive.In this paper, we analyze entanglement from a structural perspective that distinguishesbetween different levels of physical description. We argue that entanglement is a quantum–relational structure internal to spacetime descriptions and that it becomes paradoxical onlywhen classical local requirements are imposed outside their domain of validity. By separatingprojection, reduction and dynamics, we clarify why entanglement correlations are independentof spatial separation and why attempts to localize them inevitably generate misleading inter-pretations.The resulting account preserves experimental practice and the formal structure of quantumtheory without invoking nonlocal influence or additional physical mechanisms. Entanglementis thereby reinterpreted not as evidence for action at a distance but as a manifestation of thelimits of classical local description in the presence of irreducible quantum relations.

•Jan 23, 2026•0 citations
It is argued that any nonlocal model producing "local parts" (i.e.: disappearance of the correlations under certain testable conditions) can be reproduced by "multisimultaneity" and therefore (because of arxiv:1304.0532) conflicts not only with quantum mechanics but also with relativity. This result means in particular that the very structure of space-time (relativity) requires influences coming from outside space-time.
In a recent note, Hance and Hossenfelder (arXiv:2211.01331) recall that "locally causal completions of quantum mechanics are possible, if they violate the assumption [called statistical independence or measurement independence] that the hidden variables do not in any way depend on measurement settings" and that, consequently, the experimental violations of Bell inequalities "show that maintaining local causality requires violating statistical independence". However, Hance and Hossenfelder also argue that "we should (...) look for independent experimental evidence that can distinguish the two different options: non-locality and statistical independence, or locality and violations of statistical independence" and that "the unwillingness to consider theories without statistical independence may be the reason we do not yet have a locally causal theory for the foundations of physics that is consistent with general relativity". Here, we recall that there is a third option, namely, rejecting that measurement outcomes are governed in any way by hidden variables. Moreover, we argue that some recent results in the search for principles singling out the sets of quantum correlations for Bell and Kochen-Specker contextuality scenarios point out that this third option is scientifically more plausible and answers the question of why and how nature produces quantum nonlocality.
The before-before experiment (Stefanov, Zbinden, Gisin and Suarez, 2002) showed that the coordination of two spacelike-separated measurements on an entangled pair carries no device-relative time order: each analyzer can be made to measure ``first'' in its own rest frame, and the correlations do not disappear, as multisimultaneity had predicted. The reading that survived, ``coordination from outside space-time,'' names an absence rather than a location. We ask where a carrier of that coordination — any physical structure providing the two wings with a shared outcome space at measurement time — could be located if the metric arena is a discrete substrate with a finite budget per node. Four constructions exhaust the metric options, and each is closed separately: a carrier the quantum pays for from its own energy (58 to 129 orders of magnitude short of the reference weight), one propagating at finite speed (strict light cone, spacelike antibunching, and the result of Bancal et al.), one statically wired into the lattice (clique, star and chain each unphysical), and one carried along with the quanta from the source — excluded not by counting but by Bell's theorem with the spacelike Bell tests. What survives is a carrier that is pre-existing, at graph distance zero from both wings, and non-metric. Two further results follow with separately stated assumptions. A device-relative time order would itself need a carrier of the excluded class; a universal order would not, and the substrate model used here has one. And a carrier compatible with no-signaling may be read out only through functions of the local reduced state, which excludes a shared table of outcome values but not the coherent amplitude that Bell correlations require. The result gives Suarez's Principle Q a restricted, computed form for one class of carriers. It claims neither the existence of a carrier, nor the immateriality of what lies outside, nor any deviation from quantum mechanics in the accessible regime.
Quantum entanglement is routinely described as exhibiting nonlocal correlations or “spookyaction at a distance”, despite the absence of superluminal signaling and despite full agreementwith relativistic causality at the operational level. This persistent conceptual tension suggeststhat the difficulty posed by entanglement is not empirical or dynamical but descriptive.In this paper, we analyze entanglement from a structural perspective that distinguishesbetween different levels of physical description. We argue that entanglement is a quantum–relational structure internal to spacetime descriptions and that it becomes paradoxical onlywhen classical local requirements are imposed outside their domain of validity. By separatingprojection, reduction and dynamics, we clarify why entanglement correlations are independentof spatial separation and why attempts to localize them inevitably generate misleading inter-pretations.The resulting account preserves experimental practice and the formal structure of quantumtheory without invoking nonlocal influence or additional physical mechanisms. Entanglementis thereby reinterpreted not as evidence for action at a distance but as a manifestation of thelimits of classical local description in the presence of irreducible quantum relations.