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arXiv:1304.0980

Quantum Cryptography Using Various Reversible Quantum Logic Gates in WSNs

Syed Hassan Ahmed, Nadeem Javaid, Safdar Hussain Bouk, Akmal Javaid, Mahmood Ashraf Khan, Zahoor Ali Khan

Published Apr 3, 2013• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

As sensor nodes are deployed anywhere in a wireless sensor network, hence their communication can be easily monitored. In these networks, message protection and node identification are very issues. Hence, security of large scale such networks requires efficient key distribution and management mechanisms. Quantum cryptography and particularly quantum key distribution is such a technique that allocates secure keys only for short distances. While not completely secure, it offers huge advantages over traditional methods by the use of entanglement swapping and quantum teleportation. Reversible logic gates like CNOT, Toffoli, Fredkin etc. are of basic importance in Quantum Computing. In our research, we adopted a EPR-pair allocation scheme in terms of these quantum gates to overcome the susceptibility caused by malicious nodes. As the qubits stored in a sensor node can be used only once and cannot be duplicated, hence risk of information leakage reduced even if the node are compromised.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1304.0980

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As sensor nodes are deployed anywhere in a wireless sensor network, hence their communication can be easily monitored. In these networks, message protection and node identification are very issues. Hence, security of large scale such networks requires efficient key distribution and management mechanisms. Quantum cryptography and particularly quantum key distribution is such a technique that allocates secure keys only for short distances. While not completely secure, it offers huge advantages over traditional methods by the use of entanglement swapping and quantum teleportation. Reversible logic gates like CNOT, Toffoli, Fredkin etc. are of basic importance in Quantum Computing. In our research, we adopted a EPR-pair allocation scheme in terms of these quantum gates to overcome the susceptibility caused by malicious nodes. As the qubits stored in a sensor node can be used only once and cannot be duplicated, hence risk of information leakage reduced even if the node are compromised.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are self-organising networks designed for distributed data collection and communication. In this study, the application of quantum cryptography in WSNs is employed by employing quantum teleportation and quantum logic gates to securely transmit data from a source sensor node to a sink node. Specifically, the Toffoli and Peres gates were integrated with quantum teleportation to reduce network constraints and enhance security. The study propose a random Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pair allocation scheme to mitigate vulnerabilities arising from potentially compromised nodes. In this scheme, EPR-paradox pairs are preassigned as quantum bits to sensor nodes in a random manner. Quantum entanglement within these pairs, combined with quantum teleportation, establishes secure communication links across the wireless network. The results indicate that both Toffoli and Peres gates produce identical output expressions for data transmission between sensor nodes within the network. The proposed framework eliminates the need for traditional key exchange mechanisms, which are known to be vulnerable to interception and computational attacks
Sensor nodes are integral to wireless sensor networks (WSNs) but their deployment across various locations exposes their communications to potential monitoring. Key challenges include message protection and node identification, necessitating efficient mechanisms for key distribution and management, especially in large-scale networks. Quantum cryptography, specifically quantum key distribution (QKD), offers a method to securely establish keys over short distances, leveraging principles like garbage output reduction and quantum communication for enhanced security. To address these issues, reversible logic gates, such as the newly developed
In the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensor nodes may be deployed in the hostile areas. The eavesdropper can intercept the messages in the public channel and the communication between the nodes is easily monitored. Furthermore, any malicious intermediate node can act as a legal receiver to alter the passing messages. Hence, message protection and sensor node identification become important issues in WSN. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme providing unconditional secure communication based on the quantum characteristics, including no-cloning and teleportation. We present a random EPR-pair allocation scheme that is designed to overcome the vulnerability caused by possible compromised nodes. EPR pairs are pre-assigned to sensor nodes randomly and the entangled qubits are used by the nodes with the quantum teleportation scheme to form a secure link. We also show a scheme on how to resist the man-in-the-middle attack. In the framework, the qubits are allocated to each node before deployment and the adversary is unable to create the duplicated nodes. Even if the malicious nodes are added to the network to falsify the messages transmitting in the public channel, the legal nodes can easily detect the fake nodes that have no entangled qubits and verify the counterfeit messages. In addition, we prove that one node sharing EPR pairs with a certain amount of neighbor nodes can teleport information to any node in the sensor network if there are sufficient EPR pairs in the qubits pool. The proposal shows that the distributed quantum wireless sensor network gains better security than classical wireless sensor network and centralized quantum wireless network.
The requirement of efficient security protocols to protect confidential information from ever evolving cyber threat has been highlighted by the fast implementation of wireless sensor network (WSN) in numerous important domains, including healthcare monitoring, environmental surveillance and military operations. Despite their feasibility, traditional cryptographic approaches are utilized behind the computing capability of recent attackers, including the possibility of future quantum computer attacks. In order to revolutionize WSN security, this study proposes utilizing quantum cryptography and other concepts from quantum computing into the existing framework. This research leads to develop a communication protocol that is extremely safe and against the cyber-attacks. This protocol utilizes the quantum key distribution (QKD) to protect data and granting its confidential. In addition to improving security, the new architectures begin with change that makes WSN more capable of dependable and secure operations in environment where data protection is essential. A complete framework for protecting WSNs from new cyber threats in the future while keeping data transmissions and efficient process with reliability is discussed in this study. This proposed method enhances the dependencies in WSN installation across various industries, which is important for applications that need strong security measures. Evaluation results shows that the proposed method outperformed all existing methods in terms of relevant metrics.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are quiet dynamic technology made up of discrete multi-function sensor nodes that interconnect wireless for short distances. WSNs have distinct traits as well as limitations that impede the development of efficient attack detection and prevention methods. Security in WSN is a more difficult task because of the processing limits of sensor nodes as well as the nature of wireless communications. The widespread WSNs usage has given development to several forms of threats. To guard against threats, appropriate security measures must be implemented. Cryptography, specifically encryption, plays a pivotal role in protecting data from unauthorized access. However, not all encryption methods are equally effective, as some exhibit vulnerabilities. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is the most efficient option because of its reduced key size. Comprehensive safety despite lower key sizes leads to area as well as power efficient crypto systems. With recent technological advancements, traditional encryption no longer appears to be a safe solution for security and privacy of data. Quantum cryptography uses quantum physics processes to provide safe data transmission among sender and recipient. However, quantum cryptography comprises a revolution over network security field. Therefore, this research focuses on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) with ECC for effective authentication, key management and energy conservation. Thus, the proposed QKD-ECC method is implemented and evaluated with traditional ECC and other cryptography method for better WSN security and privacy of data transmission.
Key management and quantum cryptography (QC) are very interesting and challenging areas in wireless sensor networks (WSN). In order to make secure communications around WSN, communication between sensor nodes and base station to sensor node communication should be handled carefully. Today’s security around WSN needs efficient key management protocol and QC involved with quantum mathematical procedures and quantum physics [1]. According to the key management analysis, computational complexities of conventional and potential cryptography are very high. In order to avoid high complexity in key management, QC can be used because it is involved with quantum computation [4][5]. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is already established with laws of quantum mechanics influenced to quantum computations for some networks such as fiber optic, satellite based communication etc. Therefore, efficient approach of QC will be analyzed to manage the keys with maximum security and less complexity. Key management protocol [2][3] in wireless networks is influenced with authentication which uses symmetric or asymmetric cryptography. Authentication and entities in upper layers use public key cryptography [6]. In this paper, we propose an enhanced version of key management and QC for WSN. Thus, we modify authentication protocol between the access points and wireless sensor network with symmetric polynomial based on QC approach. In modern QC, there are possibilities for which quantum computation techniques allow to expand the bandwidth. It is another interesting area in QC because bandwidth expansion will increase the level of security in WSN