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arXiv:1303.1359 · Physical Review Letters

Resolution of Single Spin Flips of a Single Proton

Andreas H. Mooser, Holger Kracke, K. Blaum, S. A. Bräuninger, Kurt Franke, C. Leiteritz, W. Quint, C. C. Rodegheri, S. Ulmer, J. Walz

Published Apr 4, 2013• 57 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The spin magnetic moment of a single proton in a cryogenic Penning trap was coupled to the particle's axial motion with a superimposed magnetic bottle. Jumps in the oscillation frequency indicate spin flips and were identified using a Bayesian analysis.
DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.110.140405

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We report on the detection of individual spin quantum transitions of a single trapped antiproton in a Penning trap . The spin-state determination, which is based on the unambiguous detection of axial frequency shifts in presence of a strong magnetic bottle, reaches a fidelity of 92.1 % . Spin-state initialization with > 99.9 % fidelity and an average initialization time of 24 min are demonstrated. This is a major step towards an antiproton magnetic moment measurement with a relative uncertainty on the part-per-billion level.
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Abstract Static magnetic field gradients superimposed on the electromagnetic trapping potential of a Penning trap can be used to implement laser‐less spin–motion couplings that allow the realization of elementary quantum logic operations in the radio‐frequency regime. An important scenario of practical interest is the application to g ‐factor measurements with single (anti‐)protons to test the fundamental charge, parity, time reversal (CPT) invariance as pursued in the Baryon Antibaryon Symmetry Experiment (BASE) collaboration. The classical and quantum behavior of a charged particle in a Penning trap with a superimposed magnetic field gradient is discussed. Using analytic and numerical calculations, it is found that it is possible to carry out a SWAP gate between the spin and the motional qubit of a single (anti‐)proton with high fidelity, provided the particle has been initialized in the motional ground state. The implications of the findings for the realization of quantum logic spectroscopy in this system are discussed.
With a superposition of static electric and magnetic fields, a Penning trap can confine a single electron indefinitely. A weak coupling of the electron to its environment makes the system ideal for precision measurements but renders detection of the electron’s motion difficult. In order to measure fundamental properties of an electron, we employ a Penning trap cooled by a dilution refrigerator. This experimental setup requires extremely low-noise and low-power cryogenic amplifiers for detection of the electron’s axial motion. We design and demonstrate new amplifiers, resulting in a significant decrease of the axial temperature and in an improved signal to noise ratio. We use feedback to cool the axial motion and to self-excite the axial motion for continuous monitoring of the axial frequency. These techniques for cooling and measuring the axial frequency may contribute to an improved measurement of the electron g factor, a more stringent CPT test in leptons, and a more precise measurement of the proton-electron mass ratio.