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arXiv:1301.3379 · Optics Express

Compact 2D nonlinear photonic crystal source of beamlike path entangled photons

E. Megidish, A. Halevy, H. S. Eisenberg, Ayelet Ganany-Padowicz, Nili Habshoosh, Ady Arie

Published Mar 11, 2013• 37 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate a method to generate entangled photons with controlled spatial shape by parametric down conversion (PDC) in a 2D nonlinear crystal. A compact and novel crystal source was designed and fabricated, generating directly path entangled photons without the use of additional beam-splitters. This crystal supports two PDC processes, emitting biphotons into two beamlike modes simultaneously. Two coherent path entangled amplitudes of biphotons were created and their interference observed. Our method enables the generation of entangled photons with controlled spatial, spectral and polarization properties.

DOI
10.1364/oe.21.006689

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We demonstrate a method to generate entangled photons with controlled spatial shape by parametric down conversion (PDC) in a 2D nonlinear crystal. A compact and novel crystal source was designed and fabricated, generating directly path entangled photons without the use of additional beam-splitters. This crystal supports two PDC processes, emitting biphotons into two beamlike modes simultaneously. Two coherent path entangled amplitudes of biphotons were created and their interference observed. Our method enables the generation of entangled photons with controlled spatial, spectral and polarization properties.
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Hyperentanglement is a promising resource for achieving high capacity quantum communication. Here, we propose a compact scheme for the generation of path–frequency hyperentangled photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) processes, where six different paths and two different frequencies are covered. A two-dimensional periodical χ (2) nonlinear photonic crystal (NPC) is designed to satisfy type-I quasi-phase-matching conditions in the plane perpendicular to the incident pump beam, and a perfect phase match is achieved along the pump beam’s direction to ensure high conversion efficiency, with theoretically estimated photon flux up to 2.068 × 105 pairs⋅s−1⋅mm−2. We theoretically calculate the joint-spectral amplitude (JSA) of the generated photon pair and perform Schmidt decomposition on it, where the resulting entropy S of entanglement and effective Schmidt rank K reach 3.2789 and 6.4675, respectively. Our hyperentangled photon source scheme could provide new avenues for high-dimensional quantum communication and high-speed quantum information processing.
A compact scheme for the generation of path-polarization entangled photon pairs is proposed by using a quasi-periodic nonlinear photonic crystal to simultaneously accomplish four spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes. Moreover, we report experimental scheme to measure the polarization entanglement and path entanglement separately and theoretically get numerical results that verify some predictions about the hyperentanglement. This method can be expanded for the generation of multi-partite and two-photon path-polarization hyperentanglement in a single quasi-periodic nonlinear photonic crystal structure. This compact quantum light source can be used as a significant ingredient in quantum information science.
Ultra-bright source of entangled photons is an essential component in optical quantum information processing. Here we propose a counterpropagating path-entangled photon pair sources using a quasi-periodic modulated lithium niobate crystal. The nonlinear crystal designed by a dual-grid method, simultaneously phase-matched two spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes. Signal and idler modes have opposite propagation directions in the two spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes, which is the key to generating path-entangled photon pairs. Compared to copropagating entangled sources, the counterpropagating path-entangled sources result in a much narrower spectrum. The quantum state of the path-entanglement source is not only suited for quantum coding, but also to allow the implementation of complex quantum algorithms on a photonic chip.