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arXiv:1212.5366 · Physical Review A

Entanglement-assisted scheme for nondemolition detection of the presence of a single photon

Marek Bula, Karol Bartkiewicz, Antonín Černoch, Karel Lemr

Published Mar 25, 2013• 23 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a resource-optimal linear-optical scheme for quantum nondemolition detection of single-photon presence. By measuring the state of ancillary photons, the presence of a photon in signal mode is revealed with a success probability of 1/2 without any disturbance to its state. We also show how to tune the setup to perform quantum nondemolition measurement of the signal photon state, and we provide a tradeoff between the extracted information and the signal state disturbance. Moreover, the optimality of resources and methods by which to increase the success probability are discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.033826

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In this paper, we propose a resource-optimal linear-optical scheme for quantum nondemolition detection of single-photon presence. By measuring the state of ancillary photons, the presence of a photon in signal mode is revealed with a success probability of 1/2 without any disturbance to its state. We also show how to tune the setup to perform quantum nondemolition measurement of the signal photon state, and we provide a tradeoff between the extracted information and the signal state disturbance. Moreover, the optimality of resources and methods by which to increase the success probability are discussed.
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Abstract We show how to concentrate an arbitrary four-photon polarization entangled state into a maximally entangled state based on some quantum nondemolition detectors. The entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) resorts to an ancillary single-photon resource and the conventional projection measurement on photons to assist the concentration, which makes it more economical. Our ECP involves weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities, X homodyne measurement and basic linear-optical elements, which make it feasible in the current experimental technology. Moreover, the ECP considers cyclic utilization to enhance a higher success probability. Thus, our scheme is meaningful in practical applications in quantum communication.
Multipartite entanglement is an essential quantum resource for various distributed quantum applications. One promising method for preparing multipartite entanglement is to interfere independent photons at linear optical interference setups. While heralding the successful interference and thereby the state generation is often costly, postselecting entangled states provides an achievable alternative in this framework. We introduce a family of interference schemes for postselecting symmetric qudit Dicke states, useful resources in quantum communication and variational quantum computing. We present schemes with and without ancillary photons and show that using ancillary photons can exceed the upper bound on the success probability of schemes without ancillary photons. Our results accommodate a wide range of linear optical schemes, providing multiple viable approaches for postselecting Dicke states.
The entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) are presented for distilling the maximally entangled state from a known partially entangled n-photon Bell-class and W state, respectively, only resorting to the linear optical elements and quantum nondemolition detector. Different from the traditional parity check with a single photon as an ancilla, we use linear optical elements for changing the photon paths to realize the concentration. The total success probability of the concentration for n-photon entangled states is calculated. The present protocols only require a partially entangled state and do not need any single auxiliary particle. By iterating the ECP repeatedly, the maximal success probability can be increased. Meanwhile, the present protocols are more suitable for the photon system due to the simple operations.