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arXiv:1212.3029

The essence of microphysical entities

Fang-Yu Hong

Published Dec 13, 2012• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In spite of its outstanding success, quantum mechanics remains mysterious, many problems such as wave/particle dualism and quantum nonlocality remain open. Because a particle, e.g. a photon, is a quantum of a corresponding quantum field, an arbitrary particle state directly corresponds to a quantum field, which shows the quantum field is nonlocal. A microphysical entity (ME) can be taken as the corresponding quantum field which is in the state of a quantum, where the quantum field is responsible for the ME's wave-like nature and the quantum for the ME's particle-like nature. A quantum state directly corresponds to a quantum field. Base on this simple model, many big problems in quantum physics, such as the wave/particle dualism, the collapse of the quantum state on measurement, the nonlocality in quantum entanglement, quantum teleportation, quantum swapping, and the paradox in the delayed-choice entanglement swapping, can be solved in very simple and natural manners.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1212.3029

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In spite of its outstanding success, quantum mechanics remains mysterious, many problems such as wave/particle dualism and quantum nonlocality remain open. Because a particle, e.g. a photon, is a quantum of a corresponding quantum field, an arbitrary particle state directly corresponds to a quantum field, which shows the quantum field is nonlocal. A microphysical entity (ME) can be taken as the corresponding quantum field which is in the state of a quantum, where the quantum field is responsible for the ME's wave-like nature and the quantum for the ME's particle-like nature. A quantum state directly corresponds to a quantum field. Base on this simple model, many big problems in quantum physics, such as the wave/particle dualism, the collapse of the quantum state on measurement, the nonlocality in quantum entanglement, quantum teleportation, quantum swapping, and the paradox in the delayed-choice entanglement swapping, can be solved in very simple and natural manners.
Quantum mechanics is an immensely successful theory, occupying a unique position in the history of science. It has solved mysteries ranging from macroscopic superconductivity to the microscopic theory of elementary particles and has provided deep insights into the nature of vacuum on the one hand and the description of the nucleon on the other. Whole new fields such as quantum optics and quantum electronics owe their very existence to this body of knowledge. However, despite the stunning successes of quantum mechanics, there is no general agreement on the conceptual foundations and interpretation of the subject. The theory provides unambiguous information about the outcome of a measurement of a physical object. However, many feel that it does not provide a satisfactory answer to the nature of the “reality” we should attribute to the physical objects between the acts of measurement. The conceptual difficulty comes about because the wave function |ψ〉 is usually given by a coherent superposition of various distinguishable experimental outcomes. If we denote the collection of states that represent the possible outcomes of an experiment by |ψ j 〉, then |ψ〉 = ∑ j c j |ψ j 〉 where c j = 〈ψ j |ψ〉. The probability of the outcome |ψ j 〉 is P j =|c j | 2 . In the process of measurement, the so called collapse of the wave function takes place and a single, definite state |ψ i 〉 of the physical object is chosen. The difficulty comes about in the interpretation of the mechanism by which this definite state is chosen from amongst all the possible outcomes.
Abstract:"Any law or principle describing one area of science or reality must not contradict or create problems in another area. If such a contradiction arises, it is evidence that the law is either incorrect or incorrectly interpreted (being a projection of a more general principle onto a limited scale)." This work is part of the research program of the Unified Wave Cosmological Model (UWCM), developing the ontology of the Plast — a quantized network of spacetime. In previous works of the program, the concepts of nodes and connections were introduced, and it was shown that black holes and the Mendeleev table are subject to a single principle of connection configuration. In this work, this principle is taken to its logical conclusion: the electron is interpreted not as a particle and not as a wave, but as an activated connection between Plast nodes. This is not a replacement of a name, but a proposal of an ontological entity that explains what we measure when we register an electron: energy, charge, mass, spin — all these are projections of the state of a connection in the Plast Framework. It is shown that such an interpretation removes wave-particle dualism, quantum leaps, entanglement, the uncertainty principle, and the measurement problem without changing the equations of quantum field theory. Dualism ceases to be a mystery: the wave is a projection of the propagation of a connection, the particle is a projection of the transfer of connection energy to a node. The analogy of a cube that looks different depending on the angle of view makes this principle intuitively understandable. The work also shows that electrodynamics — from current to voltage, resistance, and the "instantaneity" of a signal — becomes the dynamics of connections in the Plast Framework. The Faraday cage is explained as an active redistribution of connections, and fields as projections of connections, not fundamental entities. Antistatics, generators, motors, and superconductivity receive a unified explanation through the density and coherence of transmitted activation. The work presents a summary table showing that 50 known phenomena — from quantum dualism to galaxy rotation, from chemical valence to the origin of life — receive a unified explanation through the dynamics of connections in the Plast Framework. The UWCM does not reject quantum field theory, but embeds it in a broader ontology. All equations remain in force. Only the understanding changes: what an electron is, what a field is, what measurement is. This is not new physics, but a new foundation for existing physics — and an expansion of its horizons. Keywords:quantum mechanics, wave-particle dualism, quantum foundations, measurement problem, entanglement, electrodynamics, electric current, nature of electron, ontology of physics, field theory, superconductivity.
The possibility of a sub-quantum mechanical realm has been investigated in recent years by DeBroglie, Bohm, Vigier, and others. It is felt that what is needed in this investigation is some simple and direct resolution of the problem as to whether sub-quantum entities exist or not. By restricting attention to quanta of light energy there is presented a theoretical expression for a sub-quantum or micro-photon which has proven to be testable. It is possible by this development to bridge the particle-wave duality wherein these two conceptions become arithmetically commensurate with one another. The theoretical expression derived for the micro-photon also leads to a different interpretative approach to Planck's constant as well as the appearance of a new unit or element of mass.
The Schrödinger's wave function can naturally be realized as an 'instantaneous resonant spatial mode' in which quantum particle moves and hence the Born's rule is derived after identifying its origin. This realization facilitates the visualization of `what's really going on?' in the Young's double-slit experiment which is known to be the central mystery of quantum mechanics. Also, an actual mechanism underlying the `spooky-action-at-a-distance', another mystery regarding the entangled quantum particles, is revealed. Wheeler's delayed choice experiments, delayed choice quantum eraser experiment and delayed choice entanglement swapping experiments are unambiguously and naturally explained at a single quantum level. The reality of Nature represented by the quantum mechanical formalism is conceptually intuitive and is independent of the measurement problem.
Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment was conceived to illustrate the paradoxical nature of wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics. In the experiment, quantum light can exhibit either wavelike interference patterns or particlelike anticorrelations, depending upon the (possibly delayed) choice of the experimenter. A variant known as the quantum eraser uses entangled light to recover the lost interference in a seemingly nonlocal and retrocausal manner. Although it is believed that this behavior is incompatible with classical physics, here we show that, using postselection, the observed quantum phenomena can be reproduced by adopting a simple deterministic detector model and supposing the existence of a random zero-point electromagnetic field.