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arXiv:1212.2804 · Nature Physics

Room-temperature entanglement between single defect spins in diamond

Florian Dolde, Ingmar Jakobi, Boris Naydenov, Nan Zhao, Sébastien Pezzagna, C. Trautmann, Jan Meijer, Philipp Neumann, Fedor Jelezko, Jörg Wrachtrup

Published Feb 8, 2013• 468 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/nphys2545

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Robust entanglement at room temperature is a necessary requirement for practical applications in quantum technology. We demonstrate the creation of bipartite- and tripartite-entangled quantum states in a small quantum register consisting of individual 13C nuclei in a diamond lattice. Individual nuclear spins are controlled via their hyperfine coupling to a single electron at a nitrogen-vacancy defect center. Quantum correlations are of high quality and persist on a millisecond time scale even at room temperature, which is adequate for sophisticated quantum operations.
Spin defects in diamond are promising platforms for quantum sensing. The longest electron spin relaxation times (T1T_1T1​) at room temperature for solid-state defects are observed in nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond, which can reach 6.67 ms, and substitutional nitrogen ("P1 centers") in diamond, which exhibit a T1T_1T1​ of 2 ms. No other solid-state defect has exhibited millisecond-scale spin relaxation times at room temperature thus far. Here, we characterize the spin properties of the WAR5 defect in diamond with pulsed electron spin resonance. The observed T1T_1T1​ is one of the longest for solid-state spin defects: 0.97(27) ms at room temperature and 14.38(19) min at 4 K. The observed coherence time (T2T_2T2​) is 246(7) μμμs, which can be extended to 6.49(34) ms at 4 K with dynamical decoupling. Furthermore, we demonstrate optical spin polarization with a range of wavelengths from 405 nm to 500 nm and propose potential zero-phonon line candidates.
We report a versatile method to polarize single nuclear spins in diamond, based on optical pumping of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect and mediated by a level anticrossing in its excited state. A nuclear-spin polarization higher than 98% is achieved at room temperature for the 15N nuclear spin associated with the NV center, corresponding to microK effective nuclear-spin temperature. We then show simultaneous initialization of two nuclear spins in the vicinity of a NV defect. Such robust control of nuclear-spin states is a key ingredient for further scaling up of nuclear-spin based quantum registers in diamond.