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arXiv:1212.1280 · Physical Review Letters

Nonclassical Radiation from Thermal Cavities in the Ultrastrong Coupling Regime

A. Ridolfo, Salvatore Savasta, Michael J. Hartmann

Published Apr 15, 2013• 114 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Thermal or chaotic light sources emit radiation characterized by a slightly enhanced probability of emitting photons in bunches, described by a zero-delay second-order correlation function g((2))(0)=2. Here we explore photon-coincidence counting statistics of thermal cavities in the ultrastrong coupling regime, where the atom-cavity coupling rate becomes comparable to the cavity resonance frequency. We find that, depending on the system temperature and coupling rate, thermal photons escaping the cavity can display very different statistical behaviors, characterized by second-order correlation functions approaching zero or greatly exceeding two.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.110.163601

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Quantum mechanically indistinguishable particles such as photons may show collective behavior. Therefore, an appropriate description of a light field must consider the properties of an assembly of photons instead of independent particles. We have studied multiphoton correlations up to fourth order in the single-mode emission of a semiconductor microcavity in the weak and strong coupling regimes. The counting statistics of single photons were recorded with picosecond time resolution, allowing quantitative measurement of the few-photon bunching inside light pulses. Our results show bunching behavior in the strong coupling case, which vanishes in the weak coupling regime as the cavity starts lasing. In particular, we verify the n factorial prediction for the zero-delay correlation function of n thermal light photons.
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An important result from quantum optics and condensed matter physics is the use of radiation-matter interaction to produce light with specific characteristics. In this work, we study a nonstationary atom-cavity system and characterize the physical properties of the emitted light. In particular we deal with a Fabry-Perot cavity with a moving mirror which has an embedded two-level system. The study of the statistical properties is done by means of the second-order correlation function with zero delay, which allows to classify the light emitted by the physical system in three different statistical regimes (Poissonian, sub-Poissonian and super-Poissonian) depending on the relationship between the variance and the mean of the photon number distribution. Therefore, in a range of parameters for which the extraction of excitations from the quantum vacuum is evident, we find that the non-classicality of the emitted light depends strongly on the relationship between the radiation-matter coupling constant and the frequency of modulation of the length of the cavity.