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arXiv:1212.0958 · Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

Minimum-length deformed quantum mechanics/quantum field theory, issues, and problems

Michael Maziashvili, L. Megrelidze

Published Dec 17, 2013• 21 citations

Abstract

Using a particular Hilbert space representation of minimum-length deformed quantum mechanics, we show that the resolution of the wave-function singularities for strongly attractive potentials, as well as the cosmological singularity in the framework of a minisuperspace approximation, is uniquely tied to the fact that this sort of quantum mechanics implies the reduced Hilbert space of state vectors consisting of functions nonlocalizable beneath the Planck length. (Corrections to the Hamiltonian do not provide such a universal mechanism for avoiding singularities.) Following this discussion, as the next step, we take a critical view of the meaning of the wave-function in such a quantum theory. For this reason, we focus on the construction of the current vector and the subsequent continuity equation. Some issues gained in the framework of this discussion are then considered in the context of field theory. Finally, we discuss the classical limit of the minimum-length deformed quantum mechanics and its dramatic consequences.

DOI: 10.1093/ptep/ptt107

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Using a particular Hilbert space representation of minimum-length deformed quantum mechanics, we show that the resolution of the wave-function singularities for strongly attractive potentials, as well as the cosmological singularity in the framework of a minisuperspace approximation, is uniquely tied to the fact that this sort of quantum mechanics implies the reduced Hilbert space of state vectors consisting of functions nonlocalizable beneath the Planck length. (Corrections to the Hamiltonian do not provide such a universal mechanism for avoiding singularities.) Following this discussion, as the next step, we take a critical view of the meaning of the wave-function in such a quantum theory. For this reason, we focus on the construction of the current vector and the subsequent continuity equation. Some issues gained in the framework of this discussion are then considered in the context of field theory. Finally, we discuss the classical limit of the minimum-length deformed quantum mechanics and its dramatic consequences.

In this work, the consequences of several modifications to quantum mechanics are examined. These modifications, motivated by string theory, fall into two categories: ones in which the canonical commutation relations between position and momentum are deformed and ones in which the space of states used are vector spaces over Galois fields instead of complex Hilbert spaces. The particular deformation of the canonical commutation relations used leads to a minimum value of the uncertainty in position which is interpreted as a minimum length scale. Both harmonic and anharmonic oscillators are studied in this framework with normalizable, positive energy eigenstates found in both cases. The quantum uncertainty relations and classical counterparts to these states are discussed. Creating modified quantum theories by replacing the Hilbert spaces of canonical quantum mechanics with vector spaces defined over several finite, Galois fields is accomplished. Correlation functions are calculated in these theories and the maximum values are shown to not behave as would be expected by the standard, Bell-like, bounding inequality theorems. The interpretations and implications of these theories are discussed.

We apply the causal interpretation of quantum mechanics to homogeneous quantum cosmology and show that the quantum theory is independent of any time-gauge choice and there is no issue of time. We exemplify this result by studying a particular minisuperspace model where the quantum potential driven by a prescribed quantum state prevents the formation of the classical singularity, independently on the choice of the lapse function. Hence, within the framework of the causal interpretation of quantum cosmology, the fast-slow-time gauge conjecture is incorrect for homogeneous minisuperspace models.

We review the main results that have been obtained in quantum cosmology from the perspective of the de Broglie-Bohm quantum theory. As it is a dynamical theory of assumed objectively real trajectories in the configuration space of the physical system under investigation, this quantum theory is not essentially probabilistic and dispenses the collapse postulate, turning it suitable to be applied to cosmology. In the framework of minisuperspace models, we show how quantum cosmological effects in the de-Broglie-Bohm's approach can avoid the initial singularity, and isotropize the Universe. We then extend minisuperspace in order to include linear cosmological perturbations. We present the main equations which govern the dynamics of quantum cosmological perturbations evolving in non-singular quantum cosmological backgrounds, and calculate some of their observational consequences. These results are not known how to be obtained in other approaches to quantum theory. In the general case of full superspace, we enumerate the possible structures of quantum space and time that emerge from the de Broglie-Bohm picture. Finally, we compare some of the results coming from the de Broglie-Bohm theory with other approaches, and discuss the physical reasons for some discrepancies that occur.

In this paper Quantum Mechanics with Fundamental Length is chosen as the theory for describing the early Universe. This is possible due to the presence in the theory of General Uncertainty Relations from which unavoidable it follows that in nature a fundamental length exits. Here Quantum Mechanics with Fundamental Length is obtained as a deformation of Quantum Mechanics. The distinguishing feature of the proposed in this paper approach in comparison with previous ones, lies on the fact that here density matrix subjects to deformation as well as so far commutators had been deformed. The deformed density matrix mentioned above, is named throughout this paper density pro-matrix. Within our approach two main features of Quantum Mechanics are conserved: the probabilistic interpretation of the theory and exact predefined measuring procedure corresponding to that interpretation. The proposed here approach allows to describe dynamics. In particular, the explicit form of deformed Liouville's equation and the deformed Shrödinger's picture are given. Some implications of obtained results are discussed. In particular, the problem of singularity, the hypothesis of cosmic censorship, a possible improvement of the statistical entropy definition and the problem of information loss in black holes are considered.