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arXiv:1211.4954 · The European Physical Journal D

Dissipation effect in the double-well Bose-Einstein condensate

Honghao Zheng, Yajiang Hao, Qiang Gu

Published Dec 1, 2012• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2012-30410-0

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Physical Review A•Jun 23, 2000•13 citations
We analyse the dynamics of a weakly open Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with attractive atomic interactions in a double-well potential under periodic driving. We find that the inclusion of weakly dissipative effects can dramatically modify the quantum tunnelling of the periodically driven BEC, and some new interesting dynamical properties arise, including a pitchfork bifurcation that leads to two stable nonsymmetric states by adjusting the dissipative parameters. The numerical results based on the approximate two-mode model are also analysed.
We show that controlled dissipation can be used as a tool for exploring fundamental phenomena and managing mesoscopic systems of cold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates. Even the simplest boson-Josephson junction, that is, a Bose-Einstein condensate in a double-well trap, subjected to removal of atoms from one of the two potential minima allows one to observe such phenomena as the suppression of losses and the nonlinear Zeno effect. In such a system the controlled dissipation can be used to create desired macroscopic states and implement controlled switching among different quantum regimes.
For the case of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate formed in a symmetrical double-well potential with well-separated minima, the dynamics of Bose-condensed atoms interacting with a single-mode quantized traveling-wave laser field are investigated in detail. By considering the system consisting of the Bose-condensed atoms and laser field with and without dissipation, the eigenstates and eigenvalues of the corresponding Hamiltonian for both cases are obtained. The time development of the Bose-condensed state plays a major role in the discussion. It is shown that the probability of finding all atoms in the Bose-condensed state displays an undamped oscillatory behavior in the absence of dissipation and a damped oscillatory behavior in the presence of dissipation. Moreover, it is found that the tunneling effect can increase the oscillatory frequency among the dressed bosonic states and affect the dynamics of the system. As an application of these results, a characteristic time that may be used to evaluate the number of condensed atoms is introduced.