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arXiv:1211.4202 · Physical Review A

Parity breaking and scaling behavior in light-matter interaction

T. Liu, Mang Feng, W. L. Yang, J. H. Zou, L. Li, Ya-Xian Fan, K. L. Wang

Published Jul 15, 2013• 19 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The light-matter interaction described by the Rabi model and Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model under local bias fields is investigated by parity breaking as well as the scaling behavior of the ground state. We show that the parity breaking leads to different scaling behaviors in the two models, where the biased Rabi model demonstrates scaling invariance, but the biased JC model behaves in a cusp-like way. Our study helps further understand the rotating-wave approximation and could present more subtle physics than other characteristic parameters for the difference between the two models. More importantly, the scaling behavior is observable using currently available techniques in light-matter interaction.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.013820

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The light-matter interaction described by the Rabi model and Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model under local bias fields is investigated by parity breaking as well as the scaling behavior of the ground state. We show that the parity breaking leads to different scaling behaviors in the two models, where the biased Rabi model demonstrates scaling invariance, but the biased JC model behaves in a cusp-like way. Our study helps further understand the rotating-wave approximation and could present more subtle physics than other characteristic parameters for the difference between the two models. More importantly, the scaling behavior is observable using currently available techniques in light-matter interaction.
The Rabi model plays a fundamental role in understanding light-matter interaction. It reduces to the Jaynes-Cummings model via the rotating-wave approximation, which is applicable only to the cases of near resonance and weak coupling. However, recent experimental breakthroughs in upgrading light-matter coupling order require understanding the physics of the full quantum Rabi model (QRM). Despite the fact that its integrability and energy spectra have been exactly obtained, the challenge to formulate an exact wave function in a general case still hinders physical exploration of the QRM. Here we unveil a ground-state phase diagram of the QRM, consisting of a quadpolaron and a bipolaron as well as their changeover in the weak-, strong-, and intermediate-coupling regimes, respectively. An unexpected overweighted antipolaron is revealed in the quadpolaron state, and a hidden scaling behavior relevant to symmetry breaking is found in the bipolaron state. An experimentally accessible parameter is proposed to test these states, which might provide novel insights into the nature of the light-matter interaction for all regimes of the coupling strengths.
We explore the possibility to generate new parity symmetry in the quantum Rabi model after a bias is introduced. In contrast to a mathematical treatment in a previous publication [J. Phys. A 46(2013) 265302], we consider a physically realistic method by involving an additional spin into the quantum Rabi model to couple with the original spin by an Ising interaction, and then the parity symmetry is broken as well as the scaling behavior of the ground state by introducing a bias. The rule can be found that the parity symmetry is broken by introducing a bias and then restored by adding new degrees of freedom. Experimental feasibility of realizing the models under discussion is investigated.
The well-known quantum Rabi model strictly describes the simplest interaction between matter and the quantum light.We explore the possibility to generate new parity symmetry in the quantum Rabi model after a bias is introduced.We consider a physically realistic method by involving an additional spin into the quantum Rabi model to couple with the original spin by an Ising interaction.The rule can be found that the parity symmetry is broken by introducing a bias and then restored by adding new degrees of freedom.
Abstract We explore the possibility to generate new parity symmetry in the quantum Rabi model after a bias is introduced. In contrast to a mathematical treatment in a previous publication [ J. Phys. A 46 (2013) 265302 ], we consider a physically realistic method by involving an additional spin into the quantum Rabi model to couple with the original spin by an Ising interaction, and then the parity symmetry is broken as well as the scaling behavior of the ground state by introducing a bias. The rule can be found that the parity symmetry is broken by introducing a bias and then restored by adding new degrees of freedom. Experimental feasibility of realizing the models under discussion is investigated.
Ultrastrong-coupling between an effective two-level system and radiation offers immense potential for advancing both fundamental and applied quantum electrodynamics (QED). Such regimes cannot be treated using the rotating-wave approximation, which applied to the quantum Rabi model yields the apparently less fundamental Jaynes-Cummings model. However, the implications of gauge-freedom for ultrastrong-coupling QED are yet to be recognised. Here we show that when truncating the material system to only two levels, each gauge gives a different effective description whose predictions can vary significantly for ultrastrong-coupling. Rabi models are obtained through specific gauge choices, but so too is a Jaynes-Cummings model without needing the rotating-wave approximation. Analysing a circuit QED setup, we find that this Jaynes-Cummings model is not only valid well beyond the rotating-wave approximation, it is often more accurate than the Rabi model. Among the many implications of this finding is that the system's ground state is not necessarily highly entangled, which is usually considered a hallmark of ultrastrong-coupling light-matter physics.
We investigate the critical phenomena of the asymmetric quantum Rabi model (AQRM), where parity symmetry is broken by an external bias. Through both analytical and numerical calculations, we identify second-order and first-order phase transitions, with the latter absent in the standard quantum Rabi model. We derive an analytical two-variable scaling function that describes the finite-frequency scaling behavior of the AQRM, and numerical results confirm this framework. The introduction of bias leads to additional critical exponents, including a bias-related critical exponent ν_{h} and susceptibility exponent γ. Moreover, we demonstrate that critical scaling persists even below the conventional critical coupling, indicating the emergence of field-induced quantum criticality. These findings establish a robust theoretical framework for understanding universal quantum criticality in light-matter systems.