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arXiv:1211.4087 · Physical Review A

Emergence of spatially extended pair coherence through incoherent local environmental coupling

Jean-Sébastien Bernier, Peter Barmettler, Dario Poletti, Corinna Kollath

Published Jun 10, 2013• 32 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate that quantum coherence can be generated by the interplay of coupling to an incoherent environment and kinetic processes. This joint effect even occurs in a repulsively interacting fermionic system initially prepared in an incoherent Mott insulating state. In this case, coupling a dissipative noise field to the local spin density produces coherent pairs of fermions. The generated pair coherence, while metastable, is long lived and spatially extended. This conceptually surprising approach provides a path towards a better control of quantum many-body correlations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.063608

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We demonstrate that quantum coherence can be generated by the interplay of coupling to an incoherent environment and kinetic processes. This joint effect even occurs in a repulsively interacting fermionic system initially prepared in an incoherent Mott insulating state. In this case, coupling a dissipative noise field to the local spin density produces coherent pairs of fermions. The generated pair coherence, while metastable, is long lived and spatially extended. This conceptually surprising approach provides a path towards a better control of quantum many-body correlations.
We solve for the dynamics of a pair of spins, coupled to each other and also to an environmental sea of oscillators. The environment mediates an indirect interaction between the spins, causing both mutual coherence effects and dissipation. This model describes a wide variety of physical systems, ranging from 2 coupled microscopic systems (e.g. magnetic impurities, chromophores, etc.), to 2 coupled macroscopic quantum systems. We obtain analytic results for 3 regimes, viz., (i) The "locked" regime, where the 2 spins lock together; (ii) The "correlated relaxation" regime (mutually correlated incoherent relaxation); and (iii) The "mutual coherence" regime, with correlated damped oscillations. These results cover most of the parameter space of the system.
We investigate the generation of genuine tripartite entanglement in a triangular spin-qubit system due to spatially correlated noise. In particular, we demonstrate how the formation of a highly entangled dark state, a W state, enables robust, long-lived tripartite entanglement. Surprisingly, we find that environmentally induced coherent coupling does not play a crucial role in sustaining this entanglement. This contrasts sharply with the two-qubit case, where the induced coupling significantly influences the entanglement dynamics. Furthermore, we explore two promising approaches to enhance the tripartite entanglement by steering the system toward the dark state: postselection and coherent driving. Our findings offer a robust method for generating high-fidelity tripartite entangled states with potential applications in quantum computation.
We consider the quantum dynamics of a pair of coupled quantum oscillators coupled to a common correlated dissipative environment. The resulting equations of motion for both the operator moments and covariances can be integrated analytically using the Lyapunov equations. We find that for fully correlated and fully anti-correlated environments, the oscillators relax into a phase-synchronized state that persists for long-times when the two oscillators are nearly resonant and (essentially) forever if the two oscillators are in resonance. We identify an exceptional point that indicates the onset of broken symmetry between an unsynchronized and synchronized dynamical phase of the system as correlations within the environment are increased. We also show that the environmental noise correlation leads to quantum entanglement, and all the correlations between the two oscillators are purely quantum mechanical in origin. This work provides a robust mathematical foundation for understanding how long-lived exciton coherences can be linked to vibronic correlation effects.
Quantum states in complex aggregates are unavoidably affected by environmental effects, which typically cannot be accurately modeled by simple Markovian processes. As system sizes scale up, nonperturbative simulation becomes thus unavoidable, but they are extremely challenging due to the intimate interplay of intrinsic many-body interaction and time-retarded feedback from environmental degrees of freedom. In this work, we utilize the recently developed quantum dissipation with minimally extended state space approach to address reservoir induced long-ranged temporal correlations in finite size Ising-type spin chains. For thermal reservoirs with ohmic and subohmic spectral density, we simulate the quantum time evolution from finite to zero temperature. The competition between thermal fluctuations, quantum fluctuations, and anti-/ferromagnetic interactions reveals a rich pattern of dynamical phases, including dissipative induced phase transitions and spatiotemporal correlations.
The population decay due to a small opening in an otherwise closed cavity supporting chaotic classical dynamics displays a quantum correction on top of the classical exponential form, a pure manifestation of quantum coherence that acquires a universal form and can be explained by path interference. Being coherent, such enhancement is prone to decoherence effects due to the coupling of the system to an external environment. We study this interplay between incoherent and coherent quantum corrections to decay by evaluating, within a Caldeira-Leggett scenario, off-diagonal contributions to the decoherence functional coming from pairs of correlated classical paths in the time regime where dissipative effects are neglected and decoherence does not affect the classical dynamics, but quantum interference must be accounted for. We find that the competing effects of interference and decoherence lead to a universal nonmonotonic form for the survival probability depending only on the coupling strength and macroscopic parameters of the cavity.
Applications of quantum devices and simulators require an accurate understanding of their dynamics as well as the effects of environmental noise. While some sources of noise can be modeled as Markovian dissipation, coupling to resonators or vibrational modes often produces non-Markovian dynamics as well, making it difficult to characterize the system, particularly for interacting many-body systems. Here, we identify a broad class of exactly solvable many-body quantum systems with both non-Markovian dynamics and Markovian dissipation. We consider a prototypical model of spins coupled to lossy bosonic modes that mediate Ising-type interactions. We exclude a transverse field but allow local spin dissipation that need not commute with the interactions, including dephasing, relaxation, pumping, and even processes that generate coherences. Using an exact stochastic representation, we decouple the many-body dynamics into the evolution of individual spins, yielding exact spin observables and correlations without adiabatically eliminating the bosons. In the Markovian limit, our solutions describe Ising models with correlated dephasing and nonreciprocal interactions. An example of spin squeezing shows that both the achievable squeezing and its optimal preparation time depend strongly on the interplay between non-Markovian dynamics and Markovian dissipation.