In this thesis I theoretically study the dynamic and ground state properties of ultracold dipolar Fermi gases. The mean-field approach based on the Thomas-Fermi energy functional is applied to consider the dynamic properties of bilayer harmonically trapped dipolar Fermi gases. The fixed-node Diffusion Monte Carlo method (FNDMC) is used instead to investigate the ground-state properties
of two dimensional dipolar Fermi gases. This technique is also applied to the problem of one impurity in a bilayer configuration with dipolar fermions.
Using an ansatz wave function for the ground state of rotating two-dimensional dipolar fermions, which occupy only partially the lowest Landau level, we study the correlation energy and elastic properties of the Wigner crystal of rotating dipolar Fermi gases. From a simple Hartree-Fock approach, we show that the correlation energy of a particle crystal is lower and higher than the correlation energy of a hole crystal for filling factors v<1/2 and v>1/2, respectively. Furthermore we find that the shear moduli of these dipolar crystals have a nonmonotonic behavior as a function of the filling factor. We also examine the stability of a Wigner crystal. The Wigner crystal with the sample width being zero is locally stable for 0< v <1/2, while the corresponding hole crystal is locally stable for 1/2< v <1. Due to the WC being unstable around v=1/2, we also conclude that a new liquid state, not a quantum Hall state, can exist at v=1/2.
Fractons are emergent particles which are immobile in isolation, but which can move together in dipolar pairs or other small clusters. These exotic excitations naturally occur in certain quantum phases of matter described by tensor gauge theories. Previous research has focused on the properties of small numbers of fractons and their interactions, effectively mapping out the ``standard model'' of fractons. In the present work, however, we consider systems with a finite density of either fractons or their dipolar bound states, with a focus on the
U(1) fracton models. We study some of the phases in which emergent fractonic matter can exist, thereby initiating the study of the ``condensed matter'' of fractons. We begin by considering a system with a finite density of fractons, which we show can exhibit microemulsion physics, in which fractons form small-scale clusters emulsed in a phase dominated by long-range repulsion. We then move on to study systems with a finite density of mobile dipoles, which have phases analogous to many conventional condensed matter phases. We focus on two major examples: Fermi liquids and quantum Hall phases. A finite density of fermionic dipoles will form a Fermi surface and enter a Fermi liquid phase. Interestingly, this dipolar Fermi liquid exhibits a finite-temperature phase transition, corresponding to an unbinding transition of fractons. Finally, we study chiral two-dimensional phases corresponding to dipoles in ``quantum Hall'' states of their emergent magnetic field. We study numerous aspects of these generalized quantum Hall systems, such as their edge theories and ground state degeneracies.