Einstein's program of the unified field theory transformed nowadays to the TOE requiring new primordial elements and relations between them. Definitely, they must be elements of the quantum nature. One of most fundamental quantum elements are pure quantum states. Their basic relations are defined by the geometry of the complex projective Hilbert space. In the framework of such geometry all physical concepts should be formulated and derived in the natural way. Analysis following this logic shows that inertia and inertial forces are originated not in space-time but it the space of quantum states since they are generated by the deformation of quantum states as a reaction on an external interaction or self-interaction. In particular, inertia law generalized by Einstein during development of general relativity (GR) will be expressed in intrinsic quantum terms. It is assumed that quantum formulation of the inertia law should clarify the old problem of inertial mass (dynamical mass generation). The conservation of energy-momentum following form this law has been applied to self-interacting quantum Dirac's electron.
The role of the CP(N−1) geometry in the intrinsic unification of the general relativity and QFT
Einstein's program of the unified field theory transformed nowadays to the TOE requiring new primordial elements and relations between them. Definitely, they must be elements of the quantum nature. One of most fundamental quantum elements are pure quantum states. Their basic relations are defined by the geometry of the complex projective Hilbert space. In the framework of such geometry all physical concepts should be formulated and derived in the natural way. Analysis following this logic shows that inertia and inertial forces are originated not in space-time but it the space of quantum states since they are generated by the deformation of quantum states as a reaction on an external interaction or self-interaction. In particular, inertia law generalized by Einstein during development of general relativity (GR) will be expressed in intrinsic quantum terms. It is assumed that quantum formulation of the inertia law should clarify the old problem of inertial mass (dynamical mass generation). The conservation of energy-momentum following form this law has been applied to self-interacting quantum Dirac's electron.
Elementary Cycles Theory is a self-consistent, unified formulation of quantum and relativistic physics. Here we introduce its basic quantum aspects. On one hand, Newton's law of inertia states that every isolated particle has persistent motion, i.e. constant energy and momentum. On the other hand, the wave-particle duality associates a space-time recurrence to the elementary particle energy-momentum. Paraphrasing these two fundamental principles, Elementary Cycles Theory postulates that every isolated elementary constituent of nature (every elementary particle) must be characterized by persistent intrinsic space-time periodicity. Elementary particles are the elementary reference clocks of Nature. The space-time periodicity is determined by the kinematical state (energy and momentum), so that interactions imply modulations, and every system is decomposable in terms of modulated elementary cycles. Undulatory mechanics is imposed as constraint "overdetermining" relativistic mechanics, similarly to Einstein's proposal of unification. Surprisingly this mathematically proves that the unification of quantum and relativistic physics is fully achieved by imposing an intrinsically cyclic (or compact) nature for relativistic space-time coordinates. In particular the Minkowskian time must be cyclic. The resulting classical mechanics are in fact fully consistent with relativity and reproduces all the fundamental aspects of quantum-relativistic mechanics without explicit quantization. This "overdetermination" just enforces both the local nature of relativistic space-time and the wave-particle duality. It also implies a fully geometrodynamical formulation of gauge interactions which, similarly to gravity and general relativity, is inferred as modulations of the elementary space-time clocks. This brings novel elements to address most of the fundamental open problems of modern physics.
While the complex formalism of quantum mechanics has been extraordinarily successful, the fundamental geometric origin of its core elements—the imaginary unit, operator non-commutativity, quantum phase, and the intrinsic geometry with quantum spin—has remained unresolved for more than a century. Here we resolve these foundational questions by deriving an exact and physically equivalent formulation of the Schrödinger equation as a Real Geometric Flow—a moving-frame evolution on a 2𝑁-dimensional real state space. In this restored framework, the global imaginary unit 𝑖 fully decomposes into a set of local skew-symmetric generators that drive planar rotations in real space, revealing that the traditional complex formalism is a compressed representation of an intrinsic rotational geometry.Within the real geometric flow, energy eigenvalues appear as the Curvatures of the state trajectory, energy gaps correspond to Torsions that couple internal planes—naturally generating the geometry of quantum spin—and quantum phase emerges naturally as the Holonomy of the real moving frame. This formulation preserves the full empirical content of quantum mechanics while exposing the geometric mechanisms hidden beneath its notation, providing the first coherent explanation of curvature, torsion, non-commutativity, spin behavior, and quantum phase within a single framework.By demonstrating that the algebraic postulates of quantum mechanics arise from a deeper geometric order—one that stands alongside curvature-based theories such as General Relativity—this work establishes a unified differential-geometric foundation for quantum dynamics.It opens new directions for quantum control, quantum information, and fundamental physics.
Modern Physics rests on two pillars: General Relativity (GR) and Quantum Mechanics (QM). The former describes gravitation as the continuous geometry of spacetime, based on differential fields. The latter, in turn, operates in a discretized regime, where energy levels, frequencies, and experimental results arise in quantized packets. The tension between both arises because GR assumes absolute continuity of time and space, while QM presents intrinsically discrete phenomena. Historically, the search for a unified theory started from the assumption that one of the two formulations must be modified — either GR should be discretized, or QM should emerge from an underlying continuous theory. In this work, we argue that the conflict is not fundamental: it stems from the traditional interpretation of time in Special Relativity (SR). When analyzed correctly, the proper time of distinct observers does not evolve synchronously, and this produces beating and discretization effects that explain, without additional postulates, many behaviors labeled as "quantum."
The problem of the reason of physical motion needs a review in the framework of quantum theory. The Aristotle's mistake, Galileo-Newton progress, Einstein physical geometry established the fundamental role of the spacetime geometry in the motion of fields and bodies. Quantum theory poses a new question about the motion of the quantum states and its reason in the quantum state space. The standard approach of quantum theory uses so-called method of the classical analogy where the action functional contains in the additive manner three terms: matter (free particles) + free fields + interaction term. Such approach leads to the quantum state space as some space of functions defined on the spacetime.I think if one tries to understand the peculiarity of the self-interacting quantum particles together with its ``field shell" then the classical scheme should be replaced. Then the role of the spacetime should be revised: the space of the unlocated pure quantum degrees of freedom and its geometry will play the fundamental role and the local dynamical spacetime arises as representation of the internal quantum motions (inverse representation).
@As a way of honoring Professor Wheeler on his sixtieth birthday, I propose to take this opportunity to elaborate upon certain somewhat speculative ideas which I have tried to hint at on occasion, concerning the possible nature of a quantized space-time. The reader will not need to be too discerning to recognize some substantial dierences between the ideas I am proposing here and those which Professor Wheeler has on many occasions so eloquently and forcefully put forward. Nonetheless, there is little doubt in my own mind as to the very great inspirational inuence that Professor Wheeler’s own views have had in the development of several of the thoughts which I am expressing here. To begin with, let me make clear that I do not necessarily mean by \quantized space-time something which could be obtained by applying standard (or even non-standard) techniques of quantization to Einstein’s general theory of relativity. What I wish to say has its roots in something which is really more primitive than either quantum theory or relativity as such. This is the question of the fundamental role played by the mathematical concept of continuum in virtually the whole of accepted present-day physical theory. Not only does the continuum occupy a basic position in our mathematical models of space and time (with the concomitant implication of a continuous nature for many related physical concepts such as velocity, energy, momentum, temperature, etc.), but so also does present-day quantum theory rest crucially on a continuum concept, namely on the two-dimensional complex continuum of probability amplitudes, this being the continuum which also occurs in the superposition law. Let me say at the outset that I am not happy with this state of aairs in physical theory. The mathematical continuum has always seemed to me to contain many features which are really very foreign to physics. This point = @ @
This paper presents a unified formulation of General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics within the framework of Hmat. A single fundamental equation, (τ₅ ∘ τ₃ ∘ τ₇) |Ψ⟩_H = 0, contains both theories as projections: onto spacetime gives Einstein’s field equations; onto Hilbert space gives Schrödinger’s equation. A bijective punkshadow P = τ₅ ∘ τ₃ ∘ τ₇ transforms one equation into the other and vice versa, acting as an umbilical cord between them. The electron spin (±½ ħ) emerges naturally from compenetration (A15) and internal rotation (A20). This work demonstrates that relativity and quantum mechanics are two faces of the same reality.