This note describes recent results on the localization properties of Random Quantum Walks on the d-dimensional lattice in a regime analogous to the large disorder regime by means of the Fractional Moments Method adapted to the unitary framework.
Discrete-time quantum walks, quantum generalizations of classical random walks, provide a framework for quantum information processing, quantum algorithms, and quantum simulation of condensed-matter systems. The key property of quantum walks, which lies at the heart of their quantum information applications, is the possibility for a parametric quantum speedup in propagation compared to classical random walks. In this work we study propagation of quantum walks on percolation-generated two-dimensional random lattices. In large-scale simulations of topological and trivial split-step walks, we identify distinct prediffusive and diffusive behaviors at different timescales. Importantly, we show that even arbitrarily weak concentrations of randomly removed lattice sites give rise to a complete breakdown of the superdiffusive quantum speedup, reducing the motion to ordinary diffusion. By increasing the randomness, quantum walks eventually stop spreading due to Anderson localization. Near the localization threshold, we find that the quantum walks become subdiffusive. The fragility of quantum speedup implies dramatic limitations for quantum information applications of quantum walks on random geometries and graphs.
The phenomenon of localization usually happens due to the existence of disorder in a medium. Nevertheless, certain quantum systems allow dynamical localization solely due to the nature of internal interactions. We study a discrete time quantum walker which exhibits disorder-free localization. The quantum walker moves on a one-dimensional lattice and interacts with on-site spins by coherently rotating them around a given axis at each step. Since the spins do not have dynamics of their own, the system poses the local spin components along the rotation axis as an extensive number of conserved moments. When the interaction is weak, the spread of the walker shows subdiffusive behavior having downscaled ballistic tails in the evolving probability distribution at intermediate timescales. However, as the interaction gets stronger the walker gets completely localized in total absence of disorder in both lattice and initial state. Using a matrix-product-state ansatz, we investigate the relaxation and entanglement dynamics of the on-site spins due to their coupling with the quantum walker. Surprisingly, we find that, even in the delocalized regime, entanglement growth and relaxation occur slowly, unlike majority of the other models displaying a localization transition.