This paper considers the use of singular perturbation approximations for general linear quantum systems where the system dynamics are described in terms of both annihilation and creation operators. Results that are related to the physical realizability property of the approximate system are presented.
This paper considers the use of singular perturbation approximations for a class of linear complex quantum systems arising in the area of quantum optics. The class of linear complex quantum systems under consideration arises in systems consisting of interconnections of passive optical components such as cavities, beams splitters and phase shifters. The main result of the paper shows that for a class of singular perturbations of such systems, the approximate reduced dimension quantum system and guaranteed to be physically realizable.
This paper considers the bounded real properties for a class of linear quantum systems which can be defined by complex quantum stochastic differential equations in terms of annihilation operators only. The paper considers complex quantum versions of the Bounded Real Lemma, the Strict Bounded Real Lemma and the Lossless Bounded Real Lemma. For the class of quantum systems under consideration, it is shown that the question of physical realizability is related to the Bounded Real and Lossless Bounded Real properties.
A general nonperturbation problem, described by the Hamiltonian H, is considered. Approximate creation operators ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{i}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$ are defined as operators which satisfy the Hamiltonian commutator equations $[\mathcal{H},{{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{i}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}]={\ensuremath{\omega}}_{i}{{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{i}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}+{{R}_{i}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$, where ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{i}$ are the creation energies, and the remainder operators ${{R}_{i}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$ are small in the sense that statistical averages involving the ${{R}_{i}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$ are small. A zeroth approximation is to neglect the ${{R}_{i}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$. In this case, a straight-forward derivation provides general relations between statistical averages such as $〈{{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{i}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}\ensuremath{\Omega}〉$ and $〈{{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{i}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}\ensuremath{\Omega}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\Omega}{{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{i}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}〉$, where $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ is any operator. The usual boson and fermion occupation numbers are a trivial result of these zeroth-order relations. Corrections to the general zeroth-order relations arise from the ${{R}_{i}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$; such corrections are considered in the spirit of perturbation theory. An explicit first-order correction is obtained for the averages $〈{{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{i}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{i}〉$, and this correction is related to a self-consistent energy-renormalization procedure. The present method is similar to the method of thermodynamic Green's functions in that the derivations given here do not require evaluation of any state vectors or of the partition function. The general results are applied to the Heisenberg ferromagnet problem. At low temperatures, the zeroth-order relations give the Bloch spin-wave results, and an approximate evaluation of the first-order contribution gives the leading term in Dyson's T4 correction to the spontaneous magnetization. For arbitrary temperatures, the zeroth-order relations give the Tyablikov equations for 〈Sz〉, and Callen's results are obtained from the first-order corrections. These examples illustrate the simplicity of calculating statistical averages of functions of the ${{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{i}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$, ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{i}$ operators by the present method.
Coherent H∞ Control for a Class of Annihilation Operator Linear Quantum Systems